Nice Cook Books photos
Check out these cook books images:
231. CF3
Image by Jim Surkamp
VIDEO: The Bower and its Families Part 3
www.youtube.com/watch?v=GE_ou8Ylyc8
POST: The Bower and its Families Part 3 (beginning to 3.23 in the video)
civilwarscholars.com/2021/02/the-bower-and-its-families-p…
The Bower and its Families Part 2 (with bibliography)
Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System (apus.edu). This video and all videos in this channel as well as the million words of posts at the corresponding source, civilwarscholars.com – are intended to encourage fact-based discussion to heighten better understanding of the foundational events of our country. Sentiments included in these productions, even if commendable, do not in any way reflect the 21st century policies of the University.
This is the third of about four videos.
I am working with Charles Fox, whose family descended from the remarkable John H. Fox, the owner/operator of three different farms and community leader, revered upon his death and who was born enslaved at the Bower.
I was absorbed in the question of how could and why did those enslaved sang,laughed and danced and even stayed up without sleeping and still working long days in the fields. And yes it is true as a consistent fact of life in Virginia in the early 19th century. I found the same observations in five different diaries in this immediate region. And I came to realize a great truth in this fact which will be explored in the third video. We have been served terribly with descriptions of enslaved peersons as being "child-like and pathetic" ignoring the obvious reality that they received their almost superhuman strength coming from their faith and African musical tradition. That African Americans routinely become the best in any athletic field they enter and the worldwide influence of their musical talents – gospel blues swing jazz motown etc. just underscore these earlier daily practices so long ago.
Glamorous and famous for its visitors (Washington Irving, Robert E. Lee, Jeb Stuart’s entire staff lived there for a month), the pre-Civil War owners practiced people-owning on a large scale – usually about sixty enslaved persons who kept up production there from day to day. A close reading of daily accounts reveals just how much the deepest, knowledge of hunting, cooking, horses etc resided in the most experienced persons of color.
It became famous as the place John Pendleton Kennedy, a relative from Baltimore who also supported Edgar Allan Poe, based his widely read book: "Swallow Barn: A Sojourn in the Old Dominion," that was published in 1832 and 1850.
It was a divided family, with regard to the Civil War, with author Kennedy opposing secession, the Dandridges at the Bower strongly supporting, or as Philip Kennedy put it – Adam Dandridge ate a strong "allowance of the insane root" to quote from Macbeth.
It might include a tragic love story. When John Fox was born in 1845 Adam Stephen Dandridge II was the only adult white male at The Bower.
It circles around Adam Dandridge II and Charles Fox’s great great grandmother "Mary" who was killed at the Bower.
It also follows the incredibly impressive John Fox, one of Mary’s five surviving children and culminates with Charles Fox’s powerfully impressive, of-the-earth, wisdom-dispensing grandfather, Charles Washington Fox.
We’ll leave it at that.
Care is taken to stay consistent with all information in official records (death certificates, Census, marriage records, deeds, and wills) in addition to the Fox family oral tradition, first transmitted by John Fox, with his eye-witness knowledge.
BEGIN
CF 3 0 .54
***
00: – Michael Praetorius: Dances from Terpsichore, Courante
Voices of Music over images 1-7 to :54 – youtube.com
Michael Praetorius: Dances from Terpsichore, Courante
Voices of Music
Hanneke van Proosdij and David Tayler
Directors
Musicians (left to right)
Carla Moore, Gabrielle Wunsch, Lisa Grodin and
Maxine Nemerovski, baroque violins
Maria Caswell, baroque viola
Peter Maund, riqq
Elisabeth Reed and Tanya Tomkins, baroque cellos
Farley Pearce, violone
Hanneke van Proosdij, harpsichord
David Tayler, archlute & percussion
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoGvKFSvs0o
1.
Two Women with Head-Ties, Jamaica, 1808-1815 – loc.gov
web4.encyclopediavirginia.org
web4.encyclopediavirginia.org/slave_images/Slavery/detail…
2.
Robert Greenhow Jr., ca. 1808, Charles B. J. Févret de Saint-Mémin (French, 1770 – 1852), pastel and crayon on toned paper, 18 3/8 x 14 in. (47.9 x 35.6 cm.). Gift of Mrs. William R. Scott 98.3.3/3
vmfa.museum
www.vmfa.museum/tours/audio-tours/web-tour-friend-heart-c…
3
Man Smoking a Pipe, ca. 1800-1825
slaveryimages.org
www.slaveryimages.org/s/slaveryimages/item/1480/mirador
4.
Mrs. Robert Greenhow Sr. (Mary Ann Willis), ca. 1808, Charles B. J. Févret de Saint-Mémin, (French, 1770 – 1852), pastel and crayon on toned paper, 19 5/8 x 13 7/8 in. (49.8 x 35.3 cm. ). Gift of Mrs. William R. Scott 98.3.1/3
vmfa.museum
www.vmfa.museum/tours/audio-tours/web-tour-friend-heart-c…
5. Tangerian Girl by José Tapiro y Baro – 1891. Dahesh Museum of Art in New York
arthistoryproject.com
arthistoryproject.com/artists/jose-tapiro-y-baro/tangeria…
6.
Robert Greenhow Sr., ca. 1808, Charles B. J. Févret de Saint-Mémin (French, 1770 – 1852), pastel and crayon on toned paper, 19 5/8 x 14 1/8 in. (48.8 x 35.9 cm.). Gift of Mrs. William R. Scott 98.3.2/3
vmfa.museum
www.vmfa.museum/tours/audio-tours/web-tour-friend-heart-c…
7.
Absalam by SANTIAGO ARCOS Y MEGALDE
bonhams.com
www.bonhams.com/auctions/23917/lot/10/?category=results
CF3 .54 1.39 Images
***
8. Title
9. Bower aerial
Google Maps
google.com/maps
www.google.com/maps/@39.3664719,-77.9554242,1762m/data=!3…
10. rear exit The Bower taken by Edwin Fitzpatrick
Jefferson County Historical Society (1991). "Between the Shenandoah & the Potomac."
Charles Town, WV: self-published. p. ADD
11. brief moving dresses no sound – Gone With the Wind (fair use)
12. Portrait of Adam Stephen Dandridge, Sr. (1782-1821) by Charles Peale Polk 1799-1800
emuseum.history.org
emuseum.history.org/objects/28061/portrait-of-adam-stephe…
13. same as 11
14. Portrait of Sarah Pendleton Dandridge (Mrs. Adam Stephen Dandridge, Sr.)(1785-1855)
by James W. Macoughtry, Jr. 1831
emuseum.history.org
emuseum.history.org/objects/42669/portrait-of-sarah-pendl…
15. The first quadrille at Almack’s From Recollections of Captain Gronow (1850)
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/363313894910535906/
16. The "Trenis" Quadrille, Plate 19 from "Le Bon Genre," 1805
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/427349452145394118/
17. swirling dress
Gone With tHe Wind fair use and
18. Figure 11. A German Cotillion, Vienna, c.1825. From Scenes du Bal by Charles Henry.
regencydances.org
www.regencydances.org/paper011.php
19. Object: Le baiser deviné; Series: Le Bon Genre – 1812
britishmuseum.org
www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1866-0407-902
***
1:41 – Summer Nights from Desert Winds produced by Shana Aisenberg over images 20-26 to 3:23
2:22 – FX carriages, hooves, horses over images 24-26 to 3:23
2:24 – FX Owl frogs autumn over images 24-25 to 3:01
20. Spider’s web in the sun
21. James Kirke Paulding
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JKPaulding.jpg
& history.navy.mil
www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-p/jk-pauld.htm
Author Government of the United States
22. Joseph of Egypt
frchriszugger.com
frchriszugger.com/2018/03/21/joseph-of-egypt-and-christ/
**
J. K. Paulding: I once knew a worthy old lady, who never saw or heard any thing in this World that did not put her in mind of Joseph in Egypt. Whenever any thing was told her, no matter what,
23. A pretty girl and an old woman both taking snuff. Coloured stipple engraving after L. Boilly, ca. 1827.
wellcomecollection.org INCLUDE Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
wellcomecollection.org/works/q6j67tvc
**
she would take a pinch of snuff, and exclaim with a devotional air, “Ah! that puts me in mind of Joseph in Egypt.” Nobody could tell why; but so it was
*
Paulding, James Kirke. (1835). "Letters from the South By a Northern man."
New-York : Harper & brothers
p. 50 Vol 2
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112046404643&vi…
24. TITLE James Kirke Paulding in 1816, while heading north in the Shenandoah Valley
to Martinsburg:
25. Shenandoah Valley by William Louis Sonntag, Sr. 1859–1860Virginia Historical Society
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shenandoah_Valley_William…
**
In traversing this mountain region, one of the first things that struck me was the solemn, severe silence which prevailed every where, and only broken at distant intervals, by the note of the cock of the woods; the chirping of a ground squirrel; the crash of a falling tree, or the long echoes of the fowler’s gun, which render the silence, thus broken in upon for a moment, still more striking.
p. 116 vol 1
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112046404387&vi…
26. Drawing by Garth Williams, 1953 version of Little House in the Big Woods, pg. 123
silverhomestead.com
silverhomestead.com/how-to-make-brown-sugar/
**
In many places the only traces of human agency are the incisions of the sugar maple, and the little troughs at the foot of the tree turned upside down, to wait the flowing of the sap in the spring.
Paulding Vol. 1 p. 118
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112046404387&vi…
CF 3 3.23 5.32
***
3:23 – FX hum of voices over images 27-30 to 5:32
*
Begins
Paulding, James Kirke. (1817) "Letters from the South, written during an excursion in the summer of 1816." New York, Published by James Eastburn & co.
pp. 117-131
p. 121
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/121/mode/1up
**
27. James Kirke Paulding
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JKPaulding.jpg
& history.navy.mil
www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-p/jk-pauld.htm
Author Government of the United States
At one of the taverns along the road, we were set down in the same room with a man, who was
28.
Eugène Pelletan by Nadar 1855–59 – Purchase, The Howard Gilman Foundation Gift and Rogers Fund,
metmuseum.org/
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/266480
**
an ill-looking, hard-featured, pock-marked, fellow. He was going, it seems, to Richmond.
WARNING DISTURBING ACCOUNTS OF EXTREME CRUELTY
All along the road, I made it his business to inquire where lived a man who might perhaps be tempted to sell him his slaves and when I got some half a dozen of them, I tied their hands behind their backs, and drove them three or four hundred miles, or more, bare-headed, and half naked, I gave out that they were runaway slaves I was carrying home to their masters.
On one occasion a black woman exposed this fallacy, and told the story of her being kidnapped; and (123) when I got her into a wood out of hearing, I beat her, till her back was white."
I married all the men and women I bought, because they would sell better for being man and wife !
"For many is the time I have separated wives from husbands, and husbands from wives, and parents from children ;
but then I made them amends by marrying them again as soon as I had a chance
I made one bad purchase, though," I bought a young mulatto girl, a lovely creature, — a great bargain. She had been the favourite of her master, who had lately married.
The difficulty was, to get her to go ; for she loved her master.
However, I swore most bitterly I was only going to take her to her mother at , and she went with me; though she seemed to doubt me very much.
But when she discovered at last that we were out of the State, I thought she would go mad ; and, in fact, the next night, drowned herself in the river close by.
I lost a good five hundred dollars by this foolish trick,
p. 121
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/121/mode/1up
29. James Kirke Paulding
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JKPaulding.jpg
& history.navy.mil
www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-p/jk-pauld.htm
Author Government of the United States
**
page 120
it is seldom we see the ties of kindred or of conjugal affection, stronger than in the poor negro. He will travel twelre, fifteen, or twenty miles, to see his wife and children, after his daily
30. by Miguel Ângelo Lupi 1879. This is a couple of former slaves that accompained a portuguese aristocrat, Serpa Pinto, in his voyages through Africa
pinterest.es
www.pinterest.es/pin/443886107023349726/
page 121
labour is over, and return in the morning to his labour again. If he obtains his liberty, he will often devote the first years of his liberty to buying their freedom; — thus setting an example of conjugal and parental affection, which the white man may indeed admire ; but, it is feared, would seldom imitate.
pp. 120-121
archive.org
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/120/mode/1up
Paulding, James Kirke. (1817) "Letters from the South, written during an excursion in the summer of 1816." New York, Published by James Eastburn & co.
pp. 117-131
CF3 5.32 7.18
***
Gourd Banjo and Hambone on a Mississippi Porch
Markus James – gourd banjo
Calvin Jackson – hambone
From the album "Head For The Hills" by Markus James;
As heard in the HBO film "The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks" featuring Oprah Winfrey
www.facebook.com/markusjamesm...
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTKE3IaVVmA
Images 31, 32 and 34-38
The Old Plantation attributed to John Rose
Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum, Williamsburg, Virginia
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Plantation#/media/File:Slav…
33. Bower Farm Leetown WV – Jim Surkamp
39. The Highest Bidder by Harry Roseland
encore-editions.com
www.encore-editions.com/to-the-highest-bidder-by-harry-ro…
40.The Power of Music by Wm Sidney Mount – 1847
theimaginativeconservative.org
theimaginativeconservative.org/2018/11/images-america-wil…
41. "Aunt Lucy" Hermitage – 1915
Essie Collins Matthews, Aunt Phebe, Uncle Tom and Others: Character Studies Among the Old Slaves of the South, Fifty Years After: illustrated from photographs made by the author in the cabins and on the plantations (Columbus, Ohio, 1915)
slaveryimages.org
slaveryimages.org/s/slaveryimages/item/1553
Aunt Phebe, Uncle Tom and Other, p. 104
42. Man with axe
Kennedy, John Pendleton, (1856) "Swallow barn, or, A sojourn in the Old Dominion." New York, G.P. Putnam & Company.
p. 404
hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433076089170&vie…
43a. Head of a Black man by Eastman Johnson – 1868
wikiart.org
www.wikiart.org/en/eastman-johnson/head-of-a-black-man-1868
43b. Frank Wagoner by D.H. Strother Harpers Feb. 1855, p. 300
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090080&vie…
44. The Banjo Player by Wm Sidney Mount – 1856
theimaginativeconservative.org
theimaginativeconservative.org/2018/11/images-america-wil…
45. Swallow Barn man with pipe
Kennedy, John Pendleton, (1856) "Swallow barn, or, A sojourn in the Old Dominion." New York, G.P. Putnam & Company.
p. 448
hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433076089170&vie…
46a. Bill Napper by D.H. Strother 1845
P.95.30.391pg13
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
46b. detail The Power of Music by Wm Sidney Mount – 1847
theimaginativeconservative.org
theimaginativeconservative.org/2018/11/images-america-wil…
47a. “A Swedish Gentleman instructing a Negro Prince” by Carl Fredric von Breda – 1789
Karolina Kristensson, © Nordiska museet
digitaltmuseum.se
digitaltmuseum.se/011023459953/tavla
47b. cook by D.H. Strother Harpers Jan. 1856 p. 177
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090064&vie…
47c. Antique Martinique Merchant
www.picclick.com
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/463589355373107433/
48. Shell Mound Station by D.H. Strother
P.95.30.393pg4a
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
SOURCES of given persons: names in this chapter:
First Section
Pinco – from account book of A.S.Dandridge II – Jefferson County Museum & The Mighty Myth of the Happy Plantation at civilwarscholars.com;
Carey (Swallow Barn);
Cate, Eliza, Serina, Anne and Mary (wills of Adam Stephen and his daughter, Anne Stephen Hunter),
Second Section – Source of persons’ names in the montage
Walter Dean Myers, who was born in Martinsburg, descended from the Dennis family who worked at The Bower and has become a respected author, wrote this in his book, “Now Is Your Time”:
“In 1849, Adam Stephen Dandridge II lived at The Bower and ran the plantation. His brother Philip lived nearby. When Philip needed to secure his loans, he put up part of his inheritance, which consisted of part of the Bower lands and his Africans:
‘The following slaves, the property of the said Philip P. Dandridge, now in his possession in Jefferson County, or in the custody of Dr. Gellot Hollingsworth and Samuel Hollingsworth, in the State of Louisiana, together with the increase (children) of said slaves – vis; Cato, Henny, George, Robert, John, Daniel, James, Simon, Peter, Tina, Caroline, Leah, Mary Ann and her children, Rachael, Ann, Louisa & children, Frances, Margaret, Patty, including all of the slaves of the said Philip P. Dandridge, whether named or not. . . to secure a debt of said P. P. Dandridge’ – (Myers, P. 99)
The Mighty Myth of the Happy Plantation
civilwarscholars.com/2011/06/sample-post/
interview 2002 with Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com
***
7:20 – Shana Aisenberg on banjo with accompaniment over images 49
49. "Mary" semblance
David Hunter Strother, Sketches of “contrabands,” enslaved African Americans who crossed into the federal lines, 1862. Courtesy of the Library of Virginia.
southernspaces.org
southernspaces.org/2010/retelling-virginias-migration-his…
**
I got this from Uncle Dewey because he spoke for black history month down here. He said that somebody told the mistress there was four little foxes down there looking out the window: She got the market basket and went down ‘thought he was talking about animals.
And they were these Negro children. So of course she told the master. So he said: ‘Well just bring ‘em on up here and he put ‘em in the kitchen. And he said they would take a tub, like a foot tub, put bread in it, and milk, pour it in there and they ate with the cats and dogs under the kitchen table.
But by being at the big house, they learned to talk. They learned to read. They just learned things. When you’re ’round, you pick up – he was not back there in the field somewhere.
So, one of ’em became a preacher. One of ’em became a cook. And that one I think – we would say – like a butler. He was ssomething like – if you saw "Roots" – he was like Chicken John. And as I said, the girl, they lost trace of her. Steve went to Ohio. So they lost trace of him. And farmer John, see, he bought the oxen and he cut lumber. He was known as a lumber jacket.
And if you would read the history of St. Paul’s Church, it was John Fox – that’s my grandfather – It was George Johnson – grandfather on my mother’s side, a Carter and I think three other men – bought that piece of land where that church is. They paid for it. An’ lot of the lumber in the church John Fox gave.
50. Bertha Jones, Jefferson Co. NAACP Executive Committee
jeffcomuseumwv.pastperfectonline.com
jeffcomuseumwv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/75847923-F4F…
51. Sunday Morning in Virginia by Winslow Homer – 1877 Cincinnati Art Museum
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Winslow_Homer_-_Sunday_Mo…
52a. A patent of nobility by D. H. Strother Harpers July, 1866 p. 139
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090353&vie…
52b
Benjamin Fox
findagrave.com
www.findagrave.com/memorial/190534275/benjamin-f-fox
53.
Humphery black child on horseback by D.H. Strother
P.95.30.390pg13
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
54.
Mary Kindling the fire by D.H. Strother Harpers Aug, 1855 p. 295
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090072&vie…
55.
Steve Aunt Winnie by D.F. Strother Harper’s Aug, 1856 p. 310
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056089801&vie…
56. Bower field and horse by Jim Surkamp
57a.
(John Fox semblance) African American boy sitting by D. H. Strother – 1864
P.95.30.345
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
57b. John Henry Fox – courtesy Charles Fox
58
St. Paul’s Baptist Church
Kearneysville, WV
google.com/maps
www.google.com/maps/uv?pb=!1s0x89c9ffadeda3091b%3A0x5c698…
later
"Baltimore" tea et by D.H. Strother 1860
P.95.30.27
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
The Wood-pile by D.F. Strother Harper’s Aug, 1856 p. 316
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056089801&vie…
for litle potatoe segment
CF 3 9:48 12.14
***
9:48 – hum over images 59-60 to 10:07
Skip James- Hard Time Killin’ Floor Blues
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNftrsCMiQs
59. Bower field and horse – Jim Surkamp
60. TITLE
**
In 1754, the New Light Baptists, led by Shubal Stearns, came down from Connecticut, crossed into Virginia at the Opequon & clashed head-on with the Episcopal Church – the State religion.
10:08 – "Deliver" New Light Baptist Church of Pittsburgh over images 61-80 to 12:16
starts at 1:52-5:09
New Light Temple Baptist Church (Pittsburgh, PA) Jubilee Choir 1997
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=StiBu3Dla74
61 TITLE
**
The children of Africa down through the Shenandoah Valley got it at once. They had every day sung and beat the beat for thousands of years.
62. TITLE
**
On farms and plantations, they inhabited their Inner Kingdom and together invented and sang out Truth in the Lion’s den. But using these newly learned Biblical stories, they confounded the Lion.
63-80 New Light Temple Baptist Church (Pittsburgh, PA) Jubilee Choir 1997
CF3 12.16 17.00
SOURCES:
"THE COLORED TROOPS AT PETERSBURG" by GEN. HENRY GODDARD THOMAS. in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Vol. 4. New York: The Century Co.pp. 563-568
CHAPTER 22 – Manassas: The Men Become One by Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com
civilwarscholars.com/2017/03/story-22-manassas-the-men-be…
CHAPTER 22: Manassas Camp – The Men Become One (from Jasper Tjhompson’s Destiny Day)
youtube.com
youtu.be/KSXoj0c5My4#t=2h49m57s
***
hum over images 59-60 to 10:07
Skip James- Hard Time Killin’ Floor Blues
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNftrsCMiQs
**
81. TITLE
At any quiet moment together, one might test a tune and sing it into the silence. And the others "study" it, some adding a harmony, or the first person would make the tune or beat better. Others might join. Then more might. And a mountain would
begin to move, lifting hearts.
TITLES:
82. WITH THE U.S. COLORED TROOPS
83. 23RD INFANTRY REGIMENT
84. ON THE EVE OF THE BATTLE OF THE CRATER JULY 30, 1864
85. "STUDY-ING"
***
12:56 – Soldier Song by Shana Aisenberg over images 85-92 to 13:35
13:35 – guitar by Shana Aisenberg over images 92-102 to 15:15
15:15 over images 102-104 to 17:10
86, 87, 88
[Wounded colored soldiers at Aikens Landing] taken by E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm) – [New York City : E. & H.T. Anthony Co., photographed between 1862 and 1865, printed later]
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/98500957/
**
Robert K. Beecham, James Douglas, Voghl Foster, George Kellum, John H. Simms, George W. Taylor, Uriah Perry, Perry Smith, James Smith, William H. Chandler,
**
Adam C. Liscomb, Charles Walker, Henry Yates, George H. Briscoe, Peter Churchwell, Zelotis Fessenden, Noble A. Stewart, John W. Thomas, Francis Tucker, Abraham Tuxon, Basil Tyler, Richard Saunders, Alexander Savoy
89.
Musical notation of Soldier Song by Maj. Gen. Henry Thomas
p. 564
archive.org/stream/battlesleadersof04cent#page/564/mode/1up
90. Head of a Man (Ira Frederick Aldridge) by John P. Simpson
tate.org.uk
www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/simpson-head-of-a-man-ira-fr…
dual
91. Maj. Gen Henry Thomas
p. 565
archive.org/stream/battlesleadersof04cent#page/565/mode/1up
92.
Drawing by Ward S. Day, 5th New York, Company C
93.
News from home by Edwin Forbes – Sept. 30, 1863
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.20648/
**
Strolling often around the camp their commander Henry G. Thomas observed later:
Any striking event or piece of news was usually eagerly discussed by the white troops, and in the ranks military critics were as plenty and perhaps more voluble than among the officers.
94. & 95.
[Wounded colored soldiers at Aikens Landing] taken by E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm) – [New York City : E. & H.T. Anthony Co., photographed between 1862 and 1865, printed later]
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/98500957/
Not so with the blacks; important news was usually followed by long silence. They sat about in groups, “studying,” as they called it. They waited, like the Quakers, for the spirit to move; when the spirit moved,
96.
Head of a Man (Ira Frederick Aldridge) by John P. Simpson
tate.org.uk
www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/simpson-head-of-a-man-ira-fr…
one of their singers would uplift a mighty voice, like a bard of old, in a wild sort of chant. If he did not strike a sympathetic chord in his hearers,
97 & 98
[Wounded colored soldiers at Aikens Landing] taken by E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm) – [New York City : E. & H.T. Anthony Co., photographed between 1862 and 1865, printed later]
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/98500957/
if they did not find in his utterance the exponent of their idea, he would sing it again and again, altering sometimes the words, more often the music. If his changes met general acceptance, one voice after another would chime in; a rough harmony of three parts would add itself;
99. 26th United States Colored Volunteer Inf. at Camp William Penn, 1865
archives.gov
www.archives.gov/files/research/military/civil-war/photos…
other groups would join his, and the song would become the song of the command.
100.
Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
**
One evening Thomas saw this act of creation and wrote down its core.
The joyous guffaw always breaking out about the camp-fire ceased. They formed circles in their company streets and were sitting on the ground intently and solemnly “studying.” At last a heavy voice began to sing,
“We-e looks li-ike we-en a-a-marchin’ on, We looks li-ike men-er-war.”
dual
101
Head of a Man (Ira Frederick Aldridge) by John P. Simpson
tate.org.uk
www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/simpson-head-of-a-man-ira-fr…
102
Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
Over and over again he sang it, making slight changes in the melody. The rest listened to him intently; no sign of approval or disapproval escaped their lips or appeared on their faces. All at once, when his refrain had struck the right response in their hearts, his group took it up, and shortly half a thousand voices were upraised extemporizing a half dissonant middle part and bass. It was a picturesque scene these dark men, with their white eyes and teeth and full red lips, crouching over a smoldering camp-fire, in dusky shadow, with only the feeble rays of the lanterns of the first sergeants and the lights of the candles dimly showing through the tents. The sound was as weird as the scene, when all the voices struck the low E (last note but one), held it, and then rose to A with a portamento as sonorous as it was clumsy. Until we fought the battle of the crater they sang this every night to the exclusion of all other songs.- Battles & Leaders V. 4
archive.org pp. 563-564
archive.org
archive.org/stream/battlesleadersof04cent#page/563/mode/1up
pp. 563-564
103. TITLE
www.storey.com/article/hello-darkness/
**
Songs and laughter heal aching hearts, weary bones
104. Full moon
naturalnavigator.com
www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2019/10/how-to-tell-if-you-…
CF3 17.11 22.45
***
17:11 FX owls, frogs/frog chorus/summer night ambience insects, crickets over images 104-
109 to 17:43
104. full moon
naturalnavigator.com
www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2019/10/how-to-tell-if-you-…
**
TITLES
105.
3 AM July 23rd 1850, a full moon
106.
"The Quarter" of A.S. Dandridge – Leetown, then Va.
107.
The morning of the wheat harvest . . .
***
17:27 – hambone and gourd banjo over images 108-118 to 19:10
From the album "Head For The Hills" by Markus James
Markus James – gourd banjo
Calvin Jackson – hambone
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTKE3IaVVmA
17:33 black laughing over images 108-111 to 17:58
Black People Laughing | Try Not To Laugh Challenge
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCq_D-vGueM&t=194s
108.
As usual, cabins in the Quarter vibrated most of the night with song, dance, and laughter around their fires.
109.
Traveling diarists across Virginia reported for decades that the black workers were incredibly fit, slept little,
***
17:44 – FX fire burning, wood crackle over images 110-118 to 19:10
TITLE
**
sharing the wee hours in a joyous, private world.
montage
110. Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
clockwise begin lower vieer’s right"
110a. & 110b.
Negro Life at the South by Eastman Johnson – 1859 New-York Historical Society, The Robert L. Stuart Collection
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro_Life_at_the_South#/media/File…
110b. Kitchen at Mount Vernon by Eastman Johnson – 1864 – Mount Vernon
emuseum.mountvernon.org
emuseum.mountvernon.org/objects/6118/kitchen-at-mount-ver…
110c. Dinah by Eastman Johnson – 1867 Gibbes Museum of Art
npg.si.edu
npg.si.edu/object/npg_2006.007_Gibbes
110d., 110e., 110f. Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
Plantation Dance ring shout (3 still images)
mhenrystl Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQgrIcCtys0
110g. Four Studies of the Head of a Negro by Peter Paul Rubens – 1615 Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
110h. Uncle Tom and Little Eva by Edwin Long 1866 – Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edwin_Longsden_Long_-_Unc…
110i. Head of a Moor by Peter Paul Rubens – 1620 – Hyde Collection
uir.unisa.ac.za
uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19126/Van%20Haute_…
110j. Negro Life at the South by Eastman Johnson – 1859 New-York Historical Society, The Robert L. Stuart Collection
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro_Life_at_the_South#/media/File…
***
17:53 – frying bacon over image 111 to 18:16
TITLE
** We’re bakin’ cakes for the ‘morrow
111. Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
TITLE
** "Mush Cake" "Corn Cake" lard + cornmeal + water salt
112. Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
113. (Same as 110)
begin Bayard
**
At four o’clock in the morning smoke was still rising from the huts of the negroes. They have fire during the entire night, and in the hottest season. Often, instead of sleeping, they smoke, sing or converse, without that loss of sleep affecting them.
114. Dance in Congo Square in the late 18th century, artist’s conception by E. W. Kemble from a century later
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Square#/media/File:Dancing_in…
**
Almost all of them, after a night devoted to pleasure, can take up their labor without
115. Carolus-Duran, l’homme endormi, 1861, hst
Musée des beaux-arts de Lille visite du 3 juin 2009 © gaelle kermen 2009
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/497929302535845386/
**
experiencing that weariness that a white man would feel who had been deprived of his rest.
*
CHAPTER XXVII
at four o’clock in the morning smoke was still rising from the huts of the negroes
They have fire during the entire night, and in the hottest season. Often, instead of sleeping, they smoke, sing or converse, without that loss of sleep affecting them. Almost all of them, after a night devoted to pleasure, can take up their labor without experiencing that weariness that a white man would feel who had been deprived of his rest.
Bayard, Ferdinand Marie, (1950). "Travels of a Frenchman in Maryland and Virginia,
with a description of Philadelphia and Baltimore, in 1791: or, Travels in the interior of the United States, to Bath, Winchester, in the valley of the Shenandoah, etc., etc., during the summer of 1791." Translated by Ben C. McCary. An Arbor, MU: Edwards Brothers.
catalog.hathitrust.org
catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001263616
*
MORE
CHAPTER XXVII
I set out at four o’clock in the morning in order to be able to be on the mountains before the sun was too high. A light fog cov ered the valley like a transparent veil, and through which appeared the tree tops, the houses of the planters, as well as the huts of the Negroes, from which smoke was still rising. The slaves have fire during the entire night, and in the hottest season. Often, instead of sleeping, they smoke, sing or converse, without that loss of sleep affecting them. Almost all of them, after a night devoted to pleas ure, can take up their labor without experiencing that weariness that a white man would feel who had been deprived of his rest.
I found the squirrels wide awake. They were climbing with agility in the largest oaks, taking the precaution to keep the entire thickness of the body of the tree between them and me, whom they looked at from time to time to be sure that I had not gone round their file leader. The instinct of self preservation no doubt sug gested to them that precaution which presents the greatest obsta cles to the hunter; but all that ruse does not preserve them from the shot of the enemy; it has made him only more skillful.
In the regions where, as in the Shenandoah Valley, squirrels are very numerous, they are hunted without dogs; but if you want to kill a great number of them, you must get up early in the morn ing and wait for them to return from their nightly wanderings.
There are three species of squirrels, the first differs from the one we know in France only in that it is smaller, and the Amer icans call the members of this group Fox-Squirrel; the second, smaller, has grey fur; the third still smaller, but of the same color, is that of the flying squirrels: the latter have two mem branes which they spread out when they spring from one tree to another. The flesh of the grey squirrels is white and tender: they are roasted and seasoned with cream sauce: the furriers buy their skins.
p. 96
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027057820&vie…
END MORE
Over images 116-117
**
I never meet a man — unless he is quite old — that he is not whistling ; and the women sing from morning till night. And as to dancing, the hardest day’s work does not restrain their desire to indulge in such pastime.
Swallow Barn pp. 454
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=plaint…
116. The Old Plantation. Courtesy of the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center, Williamsburg, Va.
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Plantation#/media/File:Slav…
**
I never met a negro man — unless he is quite old — that he is not whistling;
117. Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
Plantation Dance ring shout – youtube.com
**
and the women sing from morning till night.
118. Self-Portrait by Eastman Johnson 1865 – Brooklyn Museum
brooklynmuseum.org
www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/2234
**
And as to dancing, the hardest day’s work does not restrain their desire to indulge in such pastime.
***
19:10 – FX cockrell crow over image 119 to 19:12
**
They are great sportsmen, too.
**
They angle and haul the seine, and hunt and tend their traps, with a zest that never grows weary.
**
Their gayety of heart is constitutional and perennial, and when they are together they are as voluble and noisy. birds. In short, I think them the most good-natured, and happily-constructed human beings I have ever seen.
Swallow Barn
pp. 454-455
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=1up&am…
**
During the harvest, when their toil is pushed to its utmost, they dance almost the whole night. – Swallow Barn pp. 454-455
119. sunrise over wheat field
wallpaperflare.com
www.wallpaperflare.com/earth-field-sun-sunbeam-sunrise-wh…
***
19:14 – scythe cutting wheat over images 120-121 to 19:27
120. Men Harvesting Grain with Scythes
wisconsinhistory.org
www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM59541
121. John Pendleton Kennedy, C.1825
by Philip Tilyard
art.com
www.art.com/products/p38298748725-sa-i9815433/philip-tily…
**
JPK – wrote of life at The Bower that I know well. I have seen that they are also great sportsmen, too.
122. Mending the Net 1882 by Thomas Eakins
poulwebb.blogspot.com
1882 Mending the Net
watercolour
**
They angle and haul the seine, and hunt and tend their traps,
***
19:37 – Shana Aisenberg banjo over images 123-128
123. possum
Swallow Barn p. 405 babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=1up&am…
**
with a zest that never grows weary.
124. The Dancing Boy – 1878 by Thomas Eakins
poulwebb.blogspot.com
poulwebb.blogspot.com/2012/07/thomas-eakins-part-2.html
**
Their gaiety of heart is constitutional and perennial, and when they are together they are voluble and noisy. In short, I think them the most good-natured, and happily-constructed human beings I have ever seen.
125. Uncle Tom and Little Eva by Edwin Longsden Long – 1866 Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tom_and_Little_Eva_(painting)
END JPK QUOTE
INSERT PAULING
DEAR FRANK,
126.
The Banjo Lesson 1893 by Henry Ossawa Tanner
wikiart.org
www.wikiart.org/en/henry-ossawa-tanner/the-banjo-lesson-1893
Over images 126-133
**
They are by far the most musical of any portion of the inhabitants of the United States, and in the evening I have seen them reclining in their boats on the canal at Richmond, playing on the banjo, and singing in a style — I dare say, equal to a Venetian Gondolier.
Then they whistle as clear as the notes of the fife and their laugh is the very echo of hilarity.
Paulding, James Kirke. (1817) "Letters from the South, written during an excursion in the summer of 1816." New York, Published by James Eastburn & co.
p. 118
archive.org
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/118/mode/1up
**
They are by far the most musical of any portion of the inhabitants of the United States, and in the evening I have seen them playing on the banjo, and singing in a style — I dare say, equal to a Venetian Gondolier.
127. African American man singing
New Light Temple Baptist Church (Pittsburgh, PA) Jubilee Choir 1997 – youtube.com
20:08 over image 128 to 20:15
The Best Singing Gondolier at the Venetian, Las Vegas – Tino!
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCrsWf2x5cA
128. Venetian
ethnicepicurenyc.com
www.ethnicepicurenyc.com/culture-performances/2017/2/2/it…
129. James Kirke Paulding
**
Then they whistle as clear as the notes of the fife ;
***
20:20 – fife by Kellerman and whistle by Bobbe McFerren over images 130-131 to 20:58
130.
Irish Hornpipes – Wouter Kellerman on Fife – The Live Sessions (Part 1)
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4Ak4FynFYE
131
DontWorryBeHappy #Vevo
Bobby McFerrin – Don’t Worry Be Happy (Official Video)
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-diB65scQU
***
20:58 – people laughing over images 132-133 to 21:19
Black People Laughing | Try Not To Laugh Challenge
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCq_D-vGueM&t=194s
132. James Kirke Paulding
**
and their laugh is the very echo of hilarity.
133. Four Studies of the Head of a Negro (black) by Peter Paul Rubens
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
***
21:25 – Shana Aisenberg banjo over images 133-141 to 22:35
**
and their laugh is the very echo of hilarity.
END PAULDING
**
He will make himself happy in the traps that have been laid for him; he will roll in their nets and sleep. All doors will fly open to him
134. Jacob Jordaens, Study of a Black Man’s Head (ca. 1620). Medium and size unknown. Formerly New York, Estate of Jacob Goldschmidt; present location unknown
OTHER SOURCE OF ART AFRICAN
Black tronies in seventeenth-centur y Flemish ar t and the African presence
uir.unisa.ac.za
uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19126/Van%20Haute_…
**
who has a mildness more defiant than mere courage.
135. Barroom Dancing by John Lewis Krimmel – 1828 –
Library of Congress – commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barroom_Dancing_by_John_L…
**
He will be always "taken in." To be taken in everywhere is to see
136. The Banjo Lesson 1893 by Henry Ossawa Tannerwikiart.org
wikiart.org
www.wikiart.org/en/henry-ossawa-tanner/the-banjo-lesson-1893
**
the inside of everything.
SOURCE on the greenhorn
G.K. Chesterton Pick Papers notes
gkc.org.uk
www.gkc.org.uk/gkc/books/CD-1.html#IV
137. Thoughts of Liberia – Emancipation by Edward White 1861 – New York Historical Society
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_White#/media/File:’Thoughts_o…
137a. You sang
137b. away
137c. being owned
You sang away being owned
138. Four Studies of the Head of a Negro by Peter Paul Rubens
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
139 Four Studies of the Head of a Negro by Peter Paul Rubens
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
140 Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
Plantation Dance ring shout (3 still images)
mhenrystl Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQgrIcCtys0
141 full moon
naturalnavigator.com
www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2019/10/how-to-tell-if-you-…
JPK
Their fondness for music and dancing is a predominant passion. I never meet a negro man — unless he is quite old — that he is not whistling ; and the women sing from morning till night. And as to dancing, the hardest day’s work does not restrain their desire to indulge in such pastime. During the harvest, when their toil is pushed to its utmost — the time being one of recognized privileges — they dance almost the whole night. They are great sportsmen, too. They angle and haul the seine, and hunt and tend their traps, with a zest that never grows weary. Their gayety of heart is constitutional and perennial, and when they are together they are voluble and noisy. In short, I think them the most good-natured, careless, light-hearted, and happily-constructed human beings I have ever seen.
Swallow Barn pp. 454
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=plaint…
CF3 22.45 25.53
*
CHAPTER 11 – A Year’s Work in 1850 by Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com
civilwarscholars.com/2017/09/chapter-11-a-years-work-in-1…
***
22:45 – FX sound of overseer’s tin trumpet over images 142 and 142a to 23:01
Slave Horn – A History of Kentucky in 25 Objects KET – Kentucky Educational Television
:31 sound
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOZgNrOPvu0
22:45 – FX full summer night sounds over images 142-142b to 23:07
142. Tin Horn 12 Years a Slave movie
142b.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOZgNrOPvu0
142a. Bower field and horse – Jim Surkamp
142b. Sunrise on wheat field
***
23:03 – FX sharpening scythes over images 142b and 143 to 23:15
23:14 – cutting wheat with scythes over image 143 to 23:55
23:22 – Rosie work song over image 143 to 23:59
Alan Lomax, Negro Prison & Blues Songs Rosie
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fs1lgG81ZV8&list=PLcxxc3BIKvC…
143. Men Harvesting Grain with Scythes
wisconsinhistory.org
www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM59541
***
23:59 – Shana Aisenberg on mandolin over images 144-153 to 25:53.
144a. 1850 Poor Richard’s Almanac
archive.org
archive.org/stream/poorrichardsalm00frangoog#page/n18/mod…
144b. Farmers Nooning by William Sidney Mount – 1836
Long Island Museum (United States – Stony Brook, Long Island, New York)
artsandculture.google.com
artsandculture.google.com/asset/farmers-nooning-william-s…
***
24:09 – FX ravens over image 145 to 24:20
145. Stacking wheat by Edwin Forbes. – 1863 loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/2004661851/
146. Corn Husking by Eastman Johnson – 1860
Everson Museum of Art commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corn_Husking_by_Eastman_J…(1860).jpg
147. Charleston Vegetable Woman by William Aiken Walker
wahooart.com
en.wahooart.com/@@/8XX6CG-William-Aiken-Walker-Charleston…
See W.A. Walker en.wahooart.com/Art.nsf/Art_EN?Open&Complex&Query=(([Champ1]=%22William%20Aiken%20Walker%22)%20AND%20(%22Painting%22,%22Vegetables%22,%22Women%22,%22@PortraitSlim@%22,%22%22,%22AA5555%22))
***
24:49 – FX chopping wood over images 148 to 25:00
148a. Rural Scene by Louis Maurer – 1856 commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_Maurer_Preparing_fo…
148b. A patent of nobility by David Hunter Strother –
Harper’s July 1866 – babel.hathitrust.org
p. 139
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090353&vie…
149. The Sower by Jean-François Millet – 1850 Museum of Fine Arts – Gift of Quincy Adams Shaw through Quincy Adams Shaw, Jr., and Mrs. Marian Shaw Haughton
mfa.org
collections.mfa.org/objects/31601
***
25:14 – FX barking dog over image 150 to 25:18
150a. Cider_Colonial-Press_Retouched
eastfallshouse.com
www.eastfallshouse.com/update-party-goes-hard-core/
150b. Campfire
artofmanliness.com
www.artofmanliness.com/articles/three-essential-campfires…
150c. apple in palm of dark hand
indigoculturalcenter.org
indigoculturalcenter.org/racial-equity-training-and-consu…
***
25:18 – squealing hogs over image 151 to 25:26.
151a. Catching Hogs by David Hunter Strother 1857 – West Virginia and Regional History Center accession number (W1995.030.004)
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
151b. Smoked Ham at the Bonnie Crest Inn, North Carolina by William Aiken Walker – 1886
wahooart.com
en.wahooart.com/@@/8DP9RF-William%20Aiken%20Walker-Smoked…
152b. (center) “JENNY . . .A GOOD SPINSTER”
inthewordsofwomen.com
inthewordsofwomen.com/?cat=96
152a. winding yarn by David H. Strother, Harper’s (Aug., 1856)
p. 309
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056089801&vie…
152c. Lock’s Old Stephen. by D.H. Strother – 1845. Martinsburg Va. (P.95.30.391pg19)
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series
233. CF3
Image by Jim Surkamp
VIDEO: The Bower and its Families Part 3
www.youtube.com/watch?v=GE_ou8Ylyc8
POST: The Bower and its Families Part 3 (beginning to 3.23 in the video)
civilwarscholars.com/2021/02/the-bower-and-its-families-p…
The Bower and its Families Part 2 (with bibliography)
Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System (apus.edu). This video and all videos in this channel as well as the million words of posts at the corresponding source, civilwarscholars.com – are intended to encourage fact-based discussion to heighten better understanding of the foundational events of our country. Sentiments included in these productions, even if commendable, do not in any way reflect the 21st century policies of the University.
This is the third of about four videos.
I am working with Charles Fox, whose family descended from the remarkable John H. Fox, the owner/operator of three different farms and community leader, revered upon his death and who was born enslaved at the Bower.
I was absorbed in the question of how could and why did those enslaved sang,laughed and danced and even stayed up without sleeping and still working long days in the fields. And yes it is true as a consistent fact of life in Virginia in the early 19th century. I found the same observations in five different diaries in this immediate region. And I came to realize a great truth in this fact which will be explored in the third video. We have been served terribly with descriptions of enslaved peersons as being "child-like and pathetic" ignoring the obvious reality that they received their almost superhuman strength coming from their faith and African musical tradition. That African Americans routinely become the best in any athletic field they enter and the worldwide influence of their musical talents – gospel blues swing jazz motown etc. just underscore these earlier daily practices so long ago.
Glamorous and famous for its visitors (Washington Irving, Robert E. Lee, Jeb Stuart’s entire staff lived there for a month), the pre-Civil War owners practiced people-owning on a large scale – usually about sixty enslaved persons who kept up production there from day to day. A close reading of daily accounts reveals just how much the deepest, knowledge of hunting, cooking, horses etc resided in the most experienced persons of color.
It became famous as the place John Pendleton Kennedy, a relative from Baltimore who also supported Edgar Allan Poe, based his widely read book: "Swallow Barn: A Sojourn in the Old Dominion," that was published in 1832 and 1850.
It was a divided family, with regard to the Civil War, with author Kennedy opposing secession, the Dandridges at the Bower strongly supporting, or as Philip Kennedy put it – Adam Dandridge ate a strong "allowance of the insane root" to quote from Macbeth.
It might include a tragic love story. When John Fox was born in 1845 Adam Stephen Dandridge II was the only adult white male at The Bower.
It circles around Adam Dandridge II and Charles Fox’s great great grandmother "Mary" who was killed at the Bower.
It also follows the incredibly impressive John Fox, one of Mary’s five surviving children and culminates with Charles Fox’s powerfully impressive, of-the-earth, wisdom-dispensing grandfather, Charles Washington Fox.
We’ll leave it at that.
Care is taken to stay consistent with all information in official records (death certificates, Census, marriage records, deeds, and wills) in addition to the Fox family oral tradition, first transmitted by John Fox, with his eye-witness knowledge.
BEGIN
CF 3 0 .54
***
00: – Michael Praetorius: Dances from Terpsichore, Courante
Voices of Music over images 1-7 to :54 – youtube.com
Michael Praetorius: Dances from Terpsichore, Courante
Voices of Music
Hanneke van Proosdij and David Tayler
Directors
Musicians (left to right)
Carla Moore, Gabrielle Wunsch, Lisa Grodin and
Maxine Nemerovski, baroque violins
Maria Caswell, baroque viola
Peter Maund, riqq
Elisabeth Reed and Tanya Tomkins, baroque cellos
Farley Pearce, violone
Hanneke van Proosdij, harpsichord
David Tayler, archlute & percussion
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoGvKFSvs0o
1.
Two Women with Head-Ties, Jamaica, 1808-1815 – loc.gov
web4.encyclopediavirginia.org
web4.encyclopediavirginia.org/slave_images/Slavery/detail…
2.
Robert Greenhow Jr., ca. 1808, Charles B. J. Févret de Saint-Mémin (French, 1770 – 1852), pastel and crayon on toned paper, 18 3/8 x 14 in. (47.9 x 35.6 cm.). Gift of Mrs. William R. Scott 98.3.3/3
vmfa.museum
www.vmfa.museum/tours/audio-tours/web-tour-friend-heart-c…
3
Man Smoking a Pipe, ca. 1800-1825
slaveryimages.org
www.slaveryimages.org/s/slaveryimages/item/1480/mirador
4.
Mrs. Robert Greenhow Sr. (Mary Ann Willis), ca. 1808, Charles B. J. Févret de Saint-Mémin, (French, 1770 – 1852), pastel and crayon on toned paper, 19 5/8 x 13 7/8 in. (49.8 x 35.3 cm. ). Gift of Mrs. William R. Scott 98.3.1/3
vmfa.museum
www.vmfa.museum/tours/audio-tours/web-tour-friend-heart-c…
5. Tangerian Girl by José Tapiro y Baro – 1891. Dahesh Museum of Art in New York
arthistoryproject.com
arthistoryproject.com/artists/jose-tapiro-y-baro/tangeria…
6.
Robert Greenhow Sr., ca. 1808, Charles B. J. Févret de Saint-Mémin (French, 1770 – 1852), pastel and crayon on toned paper, 19 5/8 x 14 1/8 in. (48.8 x 35.9 cm.). Gift of Mrs. William R. Scott 98.3.2/3
vmfa.museum
www.vmfa.museum/tours/audio-tours/web-tour-friend-heart-c…
7.
Absalam by SANTIAGO ARCOS Y MEGALDE
bonhams.com
www.bonhams.com/auctions/23917/lot/10/?category=results
CF3 .54 1.39 Images
***
8. Title
9. Bower aerial
Google Maps
google.com/maps
www.google.com/maps/@39.3664719,-77.9554242,1762m/data=!3…
10. rear exit The Bower taken by Edwin Fitzpatrick
Jefferson County Historical Society (1991). "Between the Shenandoah & the Potomac."
Charles Town, WV: self-published. p. ADD
11. brief moving dresses no sound – Gone With the Wind (fair use)
12. Portrait of Adam Stephen Dandridge, Sr. (1782-1821) by Charles Peale Polk 1799-1800
emuseum.history.org
emuseum.history.org/objects/28061/portrait-of-adam-stephe…
13. same as 11
14. Portrait of Sarah Pendleton Dandridge (Mrs. Adam Stephen Dandridge, Sr.)(1785-1855)
by James W. Macoughtry, Jr. 1831
emuseum.history.org
emuseum.history.org/objects/42669/portrait-of-sarah-pendl…
15. The first quadrille at Almack’s From Recollections of Captain Gronow (1850)
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/363313894910535906/
16. The "Trenis" Quadrille, Plate 19 from "Le Bon Genre," 1805
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/427349452145394118/
17. swirling dress
Gone With tHe Wind fair use and
18. Figure 11. A German Cotillion, Vienna, c.1825. From Scenes du Bal by Charles Henry.
regencydances.org
www.regencydances.org/paper011.php
19. Object: Le baiser deviné; Series: Le Bon Genre – 1812
britishmuseum.org
www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1866-0407-902
***
1:41 – Summer Nights from Desert Winds produced by Shana Aisenberg over images 20-26 to 3:23
2:22 – FX carriages, hooves, horses over images 24-26 to 3:23
2:24 – FX Owl frogs autumn over images 24-25 to 3:01
20. Spider’s web in the sun
21. James Kirke Paulding
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JKPaulding.jpg
& history.navy.mil
www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-p/jk-pauld.htm
Author Government of the United States
22. Joseph of Egypt
frchriszugger.com
frchriszugger.com/2018/03/21/joseph-of-egypt-and-christ/
**
J. K. Paulding: I once knew a worthy old lady, who never saw or heard any thing in this World that did not put her in mind of Joseph in Egypt. Whenever any thing was told her, no matter what,
23. A pretty girl and an old woman both taking snuff. Coloured stipple engraving after L. Boilly, ca. 1827.
wellcomecollection.org INCLUDE Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
wellcomecollection.org/works/q6j67tvc
**
she would take a pinch of snuff, and exclaim with a devotional air, “Ah! that puts me in mind of Joseph in Egypt.” Nobody could tell why; but so it was
*
Paulding, James Kirke. (1835). "Letters from the South By a Northern man."
New-York : Harper & brothers
p. 50 Vol 2
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112046404643&vi…
24. TITLE James Kirke Paulding in 1816, while heading north in the Shenandoah Valley
to Martinsburg:
25. Shenandoah Valley by William Louis Sonntag, Sr. 1859–1860Virginia Historical Society
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shenandoah_Valley_William…
**
In traversing this mountain region, one of the first things that struck me was the solemn, severe silence which prevailed every where, and only broken at distant intervals, by the note of the cock of the woods; the chirping of a ground squirrel; the crash of a falling tree, or the long echoes of the fowler’s gun, which render the silence, thus broken in upon for a moment, still more striking.
p. 116 vol 1
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112046404387&vi…
26. Drawing by Garth Williams, 1953 version of Little House in the Big Woods, pg. 123
silverhomestead.com
silverhomestead.com/how-to-make-brown-sugar/
**
In many places the only traces of human agency are the incisions of the sugar maple, and the little troughs at the foot of the tree turned upside down, to wait the flowing of the sap in the spring.
Paulding Vol. 1 p. 118
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112046404387&vi…
CF 3 3.23 5.32
***
3:23 – FX hum of voices over images 27-30 to 5:32
*
Begins
Paulding, James Kirke. (1817) "Letters from the South, written during an excursion in the summer of 1816." New York, Published by James Eastburn & co.
pp. 117-131
p. 121
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/121/mode/1up
**
27. James Kirke Paulding
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JKPaulding.jpg
& history.navy.mil
www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-p/jk-pauld.htm
Author Government of the United States
At one of the taverns along the road, we were set down in the same room with a man, who was
28.
Eugène Pelletan by Nadar 1855–59 – Purchase, The Howard Gilman Foundation Gift and Rogers Fund,
metmuseum.org/
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/266480
**
an ill-looking, hard-featured, pock-marked, fellow. He was going, it seems, to Richmond.
WARNING DISTURBING ACCOUNTS OF EXTREME CRUELTY
All along the road, I made it his business to inquire where lived a man who might perhaps be tempted to sell him his slaves and when I got some half a dozen of them, I tied their hands behind their backs, and drove them three or four hundred miles, or more, bare-headed, and half naked, I gave out that they were runaway slaves I was carrying home to their masters.
On one occasion a black woman exposed this fallacy, and told the story of her being kidnapped; and (123) when I got her into a wood out of hearing, I beat her, till her back was white."
I married all the men and women I bought, because they would sell better for being man and wife !
"For many is the time I have separated wives from husbands, and husbands from wives, and parents from children ;
but then I made them amends by marrying them again as soon as I had a chance
I made one bad purchase, though," I bought a young mulatto girl, a lovely creature, — a great bargain. She had been the favourite of her master, who had lately married.
The difficulty was, to get her to go ; for she loved her master.
However, I swore most bitterly I was only going to take her to her mother at , and she went with me; though she seemed to doubt me very much.
But when she discovered at last that we were out of the State, I thought she would go mad ; and, in fact, the next night, drowned herself in the river close by.
I lost a good five hundred dollars by this foolish trick,
p. 121
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/121/mode/1up
29. James Kirke Paulding
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JKPaulding.jpg
& history.navy.mil
www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-p/jk-pauld.htm
Author Government of the United States
**
page 120
it is seldom we see the ties of kindred or of conjugal affection, stronger than in the poor negro. He will travel twelre, fifteen, or twenty miles, to see his wife and children, after his daily
30. by Miguel Ângelo Lupi 1879. This is a couple of former slaves that accompained a portuguese aristocrat, Serpa Pinto, in his voyages through Africa
pinterest.es
www.pinterest.es/pin/443886107023349726/
page 121
labour is over, and return in the morning to his labour again. If he obtains his liberty, he will often devote the first years of his liberty to buying their freedom; — thus setting an example of conjugal and parental affection, which the white man may indeed admire ; but, it is feared, would seldom imitate.
pp. 120-121
archive.org
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/120/mode/1up
Paulding, James Kirke. (1817) "Letters from the South, written during an excursion in the summer of 1816." New York, Published by James Eastburn & co.
pp. 117-131
CF3 5.32 7.18
***
Gourd Banjo and Hambone on a Mississippi Porch
Markus James – gourd banjo
Calvin Jackson – hambone
From the album "Head For The Hills" by Markus James;
As heard in the HBO film "The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks" featuring Oprah Winfrey
www.facebook.com/markusjamesm...
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTKE3IaVVmA
Images 31, 32 and 34-38
The Old Plantation attributed to John Rose
Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum, Williamsburg, Virginia
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Plantation#/media/File:Slav…
33. Bower Farm Leetown WV – Jim Surkamp
39. The Highest Bidder by Harry Roseland
encore-editions.com
www.encore-editions.com/to-the-highest-bidder-by-harry-ro…
40.The Power of Music by Wm Sidney Mount – 1847
theimaginativeconservative.org
theimaginativeconservative.org/2018/11/images-america-wil…
41. "Aunt Lucy" Hermitage – 1915
Essie Collins Matthews, Aunt Phebe, Uncle Tom and Others: Character Studies Among the Old Slaves of the South, Fifty Years After: illustrated from photographs made by the author in the cabins and on the plantations (Columbus, Ohio, 1915)
slaveryimages.org
slaveryimages.org/s/slaveryimages/item/1553
Aunt Phebe, Uncle Tom and Other, p. 104
42. Man with axe
Kennedy, John Pendleton, (1856) "Swallow barn, or, A sojourn in the Old Dominion." New York, G.P. Putnam & Company.
p. 404
hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433076089170&vie…
43a. Head of a Black man by Eastman Johnson – 1868
wikiart.org
www.wikiart.org/en/eastman-johnson/head-of-a-black-man-1868
43b. Frank Wagoner by D.H. Strother Harpers Feb. 1855, p. 300
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090080&vie…
44. The Banjo Player by Wm Sidney Mount – 1856
theimaginativeconservative.org
theimaginativeconservative.org/2018/11/images-america-wil…
45. Swallow Barn man with pipe
Kennedy, John Pendleton, (1856) "Swallow barn, or, A sojourn in the Old Dominion." New York, G.P. Putnam & Company.
p. 448
hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433076089170&vie…
46a. Bill Napper by D.H. Strother 1845
P.95.30.391pg13
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
46b. detail The Power of Music by Wm Sidney Mount – 1847
theimaginativeconservative.org
theimaginativeconservative.org/2018/11/images-america-wil…
47a. “A Swedish Gentleman instructing a Negro Prince” by Carl Fredric von Breda – 1789
Karolina Kristensson, © Nordiska museet
digitaltmuseum.se
digitaltmuseum.se/011023459953/tavla
47b. cook by D.H. Strother Harpers Jan. 1856 p. 177
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090064&vie…
47c. Antique Martinique Merchant
www.picclick.com
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/463589355373107433/
48. Shell Mound Station by D.H. Strother
P.95.30.393pg4a
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
SOURCES of given persons: names in this chapter:
First Section
Pinco – from account book of A.S.Dandridge II – Jefferson County Museum & The Mighty Myth of the Happy Plantation at civilwarscholars.com;
Carey (Swallow Barn);
Cate, Eliza, Serina, Anne and Mary (wills of Adam Stephen and his daughter, Anne Stephen Hunter),
Second Section – Source of persons’ names in the montage
Walter Dean Myers, who was born in Martinsburg, descended from the Dennis family who worked at The Bower and has become a respected author, wrote this in his book, “Now Is Your Time”:
“In 1849, Adam Stephen Dandridge II lived at The Bower and ran the plantation. His brother Philip lived nearby. When Philip needed to secure his loans, he put up part of his inheritance, which consisted of part of the Bower lands and his Africans:
‘The following slaves, the property of the said Philip P. Dandridge, now in his possession in Jefferson County, or in the custody of Dr. Gellot Hollingsworth and Samuel Hollingsworth, in the State of Louisiana, together with the increase (children) of said slaves – vis; Cato, Henny, George, Robert, John, Daniel, James, Simon, Peter, Tina, Caroline, Leah, Mary Ann and her children, Rachael, Ann, Louisa & children, Frances, Margaret, Patty, including all of the slaves of the said Philip P. Dandridge, whether named or not. . . to secure a debt of said P. P. Dandridge’ – (Myers, P. 99)
The Mighty Myth of the Happy Plantation
civilwarscholars.com/2011/06/sample-post/
interview 2002 with Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com
***
7:20 – Shana Aisenberg on banjo with accompaniment over images 49
49. "Mary" semblance
David Hunter Strother, Sketches of “contrabands,” enslaved African Americans who crossed into the federal lines, 1862. Courtesy of the Library of Virginia.
southernspaces.org
southernspaces.org/2010/retelling-virginias-migration-his…
**
I got this from Uncle Dewey because he spoke for black history month down here. He said that somebody told the mistress there was four little foxes down there looking out the window: She got the market basket and went down ‘thought he was talking about animals.
And they were these Negro children. So of course she told the master. So he said: ‘Well just bring ‘em on up here and he put ‘em in the kitchen. And he said they would take a tub, like a foot tub, put bread in it, and milk, pour it in there and they ate with the cats and dogs under the kitchen table.
But by being at the big house, they learned to talk. They learned to read. They just learned things. When you’re ’round, you pick up – he was not back there in the field somewhere.
So, one of ’em became a preacher. One of ’em became a cook. And that one I think – we would say – like a butler. He was ssomething like – if you saw "Roots" – he was like Chicken John. And as I said, the girl, they lost trace of her. Steve went to Ohio. So they lost trace of him. And farmer John, see, he bought the oxen and he cut lumber. He was known as a lumber jacket.
And if you would read the history of St. Paul’s Church, it was John Fox – that’s my grandfather – It was George Johnson – grandfather on my mother’s side, a Carter and I think three other men – bought that piece of land where that church is. They paid for it. An’ lot of the lumber in the church John Fox gave.
50. Bertha Jones, Jefferson Co. NAACP Executive Committee
jeffcomuseumwv.pastperfectonline.com
jeffcomuseumwv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/75847923-F4F…
51. Sunday Morning in Virginia by Winslow Homer – 1877 Cincinnati Art Museum
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Winslow_Homer_-_Sunday_Mo…
52a. A patent of nobility by D. H. Strother Harpers July, 1866 p. 139
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090353&vie…
52b
Benjamin Fox
findagrave.com
www.findagrave.com/memorial/190534275/benjamin-f-fox
53.
Humphery black child on horseback by D.H. Strother
P.95.30.390pg13
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
54.
Mary Kindling the fire by D.H. Strother Harpers Aug, 1855 p. 295
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090072&vie…
55.
Steve Aunt Winnie by D.F. Strother Harper’s Aug, 1856 p. 310
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056089801&vie…
56. Bower field and horse by Jim Surkamp
57a.
(John Fox semblance) African American boy sitting by D. H. Strother – 1864
P.95.30.345
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
57b. John Henry Fox – courtesy Charles Fox
58
St. Paul’s Baptist Church
Kearneysville, WV
google.com/maps
www.google.com/maps/uv?pb=!1s0x89c9ffadeda3091b%3A0x5c698…
later
"Baltimore" tea et by D.H. Strother 1860
P.95.30.27
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
The Wood-pile by D.F. Strother Harper’s Aug, 1856 p. 316
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056089801&vie…
for litle potatoe segment
CF 3 9:48 12.14
***
9:48 – hum over images 59-60 to 10:07
Skip James- Hard Time Killin’ Floor Blues
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNftrsCMiQs
59. Bower field and horse – Jim Surkamp
60. TITLE
**
In 1754, the New Light Baptists, led by Shubal Stearns, came down from Connecticut, crossed into Virginia at the Opequon & clashed head-on with the Episcopal Church – the State religion.
10:08 – "Deliver" New Light Baptist Church of Pittsburgh over images 61-80 to 12:16
starts at 1:52-5:09
New Light Temple Baptist Church (Pittsburgh, PA) Jubilee Choir 1997
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=StiBu3Dla74
61 TITLE
**
The children of Africa down through the Shenandoah Valley got it at once. They had every day sung and beat the beat for thousands of years.
62. TITLE
**
On farms and plantations, they inhabited their Inner Kingdom and together invented and sang out Truth in the Lion’s den. But using these newly learned Biblical stories, they confounded the Lion.
63-80 New Light Temple Baptist Church (Pittsburgh, PA) Jubilee Choir 1997
CF3 12.16 17.00
SOURCES:
"THE COLORED TROOPS AT PETERSBURG" by GEN. HENRY GODDARD THOMAS. in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Vol. 4. New York: The Century Co.pp. 563-568
CHAPTER 22 – Manassas: The Men Become One by Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com
civilwarscholars.com/2017/03/story-22-manassas-the-men-be…
CHAPTER 22: Manassas Camp – The Men Become One (from Jasper Tjhompson’s Destiny Day)
youtube.com
youtu.be/KSXoj0c5My4#t=2h49m57s
***
hum over images 59-60 to 10:07
Skip James- Hard Time Killin’ Floor Blues
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNftrsCMiQs
**
81. TITLE
At any quiet moment together, one might test a tune and sing it into the silence. And the others "study" it, some adding a harmony, or the first person would make the tune or beat better. Others might join. Then more might. And a mountain would
begin to move, lifting hearts.
TITLES:
82. WITH THE U.S. COLORED TROOPS
83. 23RD INFANTRY REGIMENT
84. ON THE EVE OF THE BATTLE OF THE CRATER JULY 30, 1864
85. "STUDY-ING"
***
12:56 – Soldier Song by Shana Aisenberg over images 85-92 to 13:35
13:35 – guitar by Shana Aisenberg over images 92-102 to 15:15
15:15 over images 102-104 to 17:10
86, 87, 88
[Wounded colored soldiers at Aikens Landing] taken by E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm) – [New York City : E. & H.T. Anthony Co., photographed between 1862 and 1865, printed later]
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/98500957/
**
Robert K. Beecham, James Douglas, Voghl Foster, George Kellum, John H. Simms, George W. Taylor, Uriah Perry, Perry Smith, James Smith, William H. Chandler,
**
Adam C. Liscomb, Charles Walker, Henry Yates, George H. Briscoe, Peter Churchwell, Zelotis Fessenden, Noble A. Stewart, John W. Thomas, Francis Tucker, Abraham Tuxon, Basil Tyler, Richard Saunders, Alexander Savoy
89.
Musical notation of Soldier Song by Maj. Gen. Henry Thomas
p. 564
archive.org/stream/battlesleadersof04cent#page/564/mode/1up
90. Head of a Man (Ira Frederick Aldridge) by John P. Simpson
tate.org.uk
www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/simpson-head-of-a-man-ira-fr…
dual
91. Maj. Gen Henry Thomas
p. 565
archive.org/stream/battlesleadersof04cent#page/565/mode/1up
92.
Drawing by Ward S. Day, 5th New York, Company C
93.
News from home by Edwin Forbes – Sept. 30, 1863
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.20648/
**
Strolling often around the camp their commander Henry G. Thomas observed later:
Any striking event or piece of news was usually eagerly discussed by the white troops, and in the ranks military critics were as plenty and perhaps more voluble than among the officers.
94. & 95.
[Wounded colored soldiers at Aikens Landing] taken by E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm) – [New York City : E. & H.T. Anthony Co., photographed between 1862 and 1865, printed later]
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/98500957/
Not so with the blacks; important news was usually followed by long silence. They sat about in groups, “studying,” as they called it. They waited, like the Quakers, for the spirit to move; when the spirit moved,
96.
Head of a Man (Ira Frederick Aldridge) by John P. Simpson
tate.org.uk
www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/simpson-head-of-a-man-ira-fr…
one of their singers would uplift a mighty voice, like a bard of old, in a wild sort of chant. If he did not strike a sympathetic chord in his hearers,
97 & 98
[Wounded colored soldiers at Aikens Landing] taken by E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm) – [New York City : E. & H.T. Anthony Co., photographed between 1862 and 1865, printed later]
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/98500957/
if they did not find in his utterance the exponent of their idea, he would sing it again and again, altering sometimes the words, more often the music. If his changes met general acceptance, one voice after another would chime in; a rough harmony of three parts would add itself;
99. 26th United States Colored Volunteer Inf. at Camp William Penn, 1865
archives.gov
www.archives.gov/files/research/military/civil-war/photos…
other groups would join his, and the song would become the song of the command.
100.
Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
**
One evening Thomas saw this act of creation and wrote down its core.
The joyous guffaw always breaking out about the camp-fire ceased. They formed circles in their company streets and were sitting on the ground intently and solemnly “studying.” At last a heavy voice began to sing,
“We-e looks li-ike we-en a-a-marchin’ on, We looks li-ike men-er-war.”
dual
101
Head of a Man (Ira Frederick Aldridge) by John P. Simpson
tate.org.uk
www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/simpson-head-of-a-man-ira-fr…
102
Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
Over and over again he sang it, making slight changes in the melody. The rest listened to him intently; no sign of approval or disapproval escaped their lips or appeared on their faces. All at once, when his refrain had struck the right response in their hearts, his group took it up, and shortly half a thousand voices were upraised extemporizing a half dissonant middle part and bass. It was a picturesque scene these dark men, with their white eyes and teeth and full red lips, crouching over a smoldering camp-fire, in dusky shadow, with only the feeble rays of the lanterns of the first sergeants and the lights of the candles dimly showing through the tents. The sound was as weird as the scene, when all the voices struck the low E (last note but one), held it, and then rose to A with a portamento as sonorous as it was clumsy. Until we fought the battle of the crater they sang this every night to the exclusion of all other songs.- Battles & Leaders V. 4
archive.org pp. 563-564
archive.org
archive.org/stream/battlesleadersof04cent#page/563/mode/1up
pp. 563-564
103. TITLE
www.storey.com/article/hello-darkness/
**
Songs and laughter heal aching hearts, weary bones
104. Full moon
naturalnavigator.com
www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2019/10/how-to-tell-if-you-…
CF3 17.11 22.45
***
17:11 FX owls, frogs/frog chorus/summer night ambience insects, crickets over images 104-
109 to 17:43
104. full moon
naturalnavigator.com
www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2019/10/how-to-tell-if-you-…
**
TITLES
105.
3 AM July 23rd 1850, a full moon
106.
"The Quarter" of A.S. Dandridge – Leetown, then Va.
107.
The morning of the wheat harvest . . .
***
17:27 – hambone and gourd banjo over images 108-118 to 19:10
From the album "Head For The Hills" by Markus James
Markus James – gourd banjo
Calvin Jackson – hambone
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTKE3IaVVmA
17:33 black laughing over images 108-111 to 17:58
Black People Laughing | Try Not To Laugh Challenge
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCq_D-vGueM&t=194s
108.
As usual, cabins in the Quarter vibrated most of the night with song, dance, and laughter around their fires.
109.
Traveling diarists across Virginia reported for decades that the black workers were incredibly fit, slept little,
***
17:44 – FX fire burning, wood crackle over images 110-118 to 19:10
TITLE
**
sharing the wee hours in a joyous, private world.
montage
110. Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
clockwise begin lower vieer’s right"
110a. & 110b.
Negro Life at the South by Eastman Johnson – 1859 New-York Historical Society, The Robert L. Stuart Collection
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro_Life_at_the_South#/media/File…
110b. Kitchen at Mount Vernon by Eastman Johnson – 1864 – Mount Vernon
emuseum.mountvernon.org
emuseum.mountvernon.org/objects/6118/kitchen-at-mount-ver…
110c. Dinah by Eastman Johnson – 1867 Gibbes Museum of Art
npg.si.edu
npg.si.edu/object/npg_2006.007_Gibbes
110d., 110e., 110f. Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
Plantation Dance ring shout (3 still images)
mhenrystl Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQgrIcCtys0
110g. Four Studies of the Head of a Negro by Peter Paul Rubens – 1615 Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
110h. Uncle Tom and Little Eva by Edwin Long 1866 – Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edwin_Longsden_Long_-_Unc…
110i. Head of a Moor by Peter Paul Rubens – 1620 – Hyde Collection
uir.unisa.ac.za
uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19126/Van%20Haute_…
110j. Negro Life at the South by Eastman Johnson – 1859 New-York Historical Society, The Robert L. Stuart Collection
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro_Life_at_the_South#/media/File…
***
17:53 – frying bacon over image 111 to 18:16
TITLE
** We’re bakin’ cakes for the ‘morrow
111. Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
TITLE
** "Mush Cake" "Corn Cake" lard + cornmeal + water salt
112. Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
113. (Same as 110)
begin Bayard
**
At four o’clock in the morning smoke was still rising from the huts of the negroes. They have fire during the entire night, and in the hottest season. Often, instead of sleeping, they smoke, sing or converse, without that loss of sleep affecting them.
114. Dance in Congo Square in the late 18th century, artist’s conception by E. W. Kemble from a century later
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Square#/media/File:Dancing_in…
**
Almost all of them, after a night devoted to pleasure, can take up their labor without
115. Carolus-Duran, l’homme endormi, 1861, hst
Musée des beaux-arts de Lille visite du 3 juin 2009 © gaelle kermen 2009
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/497929302535845386/
**
experiencing that weariness that a white man would feel who had been deprived of his rest.
*
CHAPTER XXVII
at four o’clock in the morning smoke was still rising from the huts of the negroes
They have fire during the entire night, and in the hottest season. Often, instead of sleeping, they smoke, sing or converse, without that loss of sleep affecting them. Almost all of them, after a night devoted to pleasure, can take up their labor without experiencing that weariness that a white man would feel who had been deprived of his rest.
Bayard, Ferdinand Marie, (1950). "Travels of a Frenchman in Maryland and Virginia,
with a description of Philadelphia and Baltimore, in 1791: or, Travels in the interior of the United States, to Bath, Winchester, in the valley of the Shenandoah, etc., etc., during the summer of 1791." Translated by Ben C. McCary. An Arbor, MU: Edwards Brothers.
catalog.hathitrust.org
catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001263616
*
MORE
CHAPTER XXVII
I set out at four o’clock in the morning in order to be able to be on the mountains before the sun was too high. A light fog cov ered the valley like a transparent veil, and through which appeared the tree tops, the houses of the planters, as well as the huts of the Negroes, from which smoke was still rising. The slaves have fire during the entire night, and in the hottest season. Often, instead of sleeping, they smoke, sing or converse, without that loss of sleep affecting them. Almost all of them, after a night devoted to pleas ure, can take up their labor without experiencing that weariness that a white man would feel who had been deprived of his rest.
I found the squirrels wide awake. They were climbing with agility in the largest oaks, taking the precaution to keep the entire thickness of the body of the tree between them and me, whom they looked at from time to time to be sure that I had not gone round their file leader. The instinct of self preservation no doubt sug gested to them that precaution which presents the greatest obsta cles to the hunter; but all that ruse does not preserve them from the shot of the enemy; it has made him only more skillful.
In the regions where, as in the Shenandoah Valley, squirrels are very numerous, they are hunted without dogs; but if you want to kill a great number of them, you must get up early in the morn ing and wait for them to return from their nightly wanderings.
There are three species of squirrels, the first differs from the one we know in France only in that it is smaller, and the Amer icans call the members of this group Fox-Squirrel; the second, smaller, has grey fur; the third still smaller, but of the same color, is that of the flying squirrels: the latter have two mem branes which they spread out when they spring from one tree to another. The flesh of the grey squirrels is white and tender: they are roasted and seasoned with cream sauce: the furriers buy their skins.
p. 96
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027057820&vie…
END MORE
Over images 116-117
**
I never meet a man — unless he is quite old — that he is not whistling ; and the women sing from morning till night. And as to dancing, the hardest day’s work does not restrain their desire to indulge in such pastime.
Swallow Barn pp. 454
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=plaint…
116. The Old Plantation. Courtesy of the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center, Williamsburg, Va.
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Plantation#/media/File:Slav…
**
I never met a negro man — unless he is quite old — that he is not whistling;
117. Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
Plantation Dance ring shout – youtube.com
**
and the women sing from morning till night.
118. Self-Portrait by Eastman Johnson 1865 – Brooklyn Museum
brooklynmuseum.org
www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/2234
**
And as to dancing, the hardest day’s work does not restrain their desire to indulge in such pastime.
***
19:10 – FX cockrell crow over image 119 to 19:12
**
They are great sportsmen, too.
**
They angle and haul the seine, and hunt and tend their traps, with a zest that never grows weary.
**
Their gayety of heart is constitutional and perennial, and when they are together they are as voluble and noisy. birds. In short, I think them the most good-natured, and happily-constructed human beings I have ever seen.
Swallow Barn
pp. 454-455
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=1up&am…
**
During the harvest, when their toil is pushed to its utmost, they dance almost the whole night. – Swallow Barn pp. 454-455
119. sunrise over wheat field
wallpaperflare.com
www.wallpaperflare.com/earth-field-sun-sunbeam-sunrise-wh…
***
19:14 – scythe cutting wheat over images 120-121 to 19:27
120. Men Harvesting Grain with Scythes
wisconsinhistory.org
www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM59541
121. John Pendleton Kennedy, C.1825
by Philip Tilyard
art.com
www.art.com/products/p38298748725-sa-i9815433/philip-tily…
**
JPK – wrote of life at The Bower that I know well. I have seen that they are also great sportsmen, too.
122. Mending the Net 1882 by Thomas Eakins
poulwebb.blogspot.com
1882 Mending the Net
watercolour
**
They angle and haul the seine, and hunt and tend their traps,
***
19:37 – Shana Aisenberg banjo over images 123-128
123. possum
Swallow Barn p. 405 babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=1up&am…
**
with a zest that never grows weary.
124. The Dancing Boy – 1878 by Thomas Eakins
poulwebb.blogspot.com
poulwebb.blogspot.com/2012/07/thomas-eakins-part-2.html
**
Their gaiety of heart is constitutional and perennial, and when they are together they are voluble and noisy. In short, I think them the most good-natured, and happily-constructed human beings I have ever seen.
125. Uncle Tom and Little Eva by Edwin Longsden Long – 1866 Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tom_and_Little_Eva_(painting)
END JPK QUOTE
INSERT PAULING
DEAR FRANK,
126.
The Banjo Lesson 1893 by Henry Ossawa Tanner
wikiart.org
www.wikiart.org/en/henry-ossawa-tanner/the-banjo-lesson-1893
Over images 126-133
**
They are by far the most musical of any portion of the inhabitants of the United States, and in the evening I have seen them reclining in their boats on the canal at Richmond, playing on the banjo, and singing in a style — I dare say, equal to a Venetian Gondolier.
Then they whistle as clear as the notes of the fife and their laugh is the very echo of hilarity.
Paulding, James Kirke. (1817) "Letters from the South, written during an excursion in the summer of 1816." New York, Published by James Eastburn & co.
p. 118
archive.org
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/118/mode/1up
**
They are by far the most musical of any portion of the inhabitants of the United States, and in the evening I have seen them playing on the banjo, and singing in a style — I dare say, equal to a Venetian Gondolier.
127. African American man singing
New Light Temple Baptist Church (Pittsburgh, PA) Jubilee Choir 1997 – youtube.com
20:08 over image 128 to 20:15
The Best Singing Gondolier at the Venetian, Las Vegas – Tino!
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCrsWf2x5cA
128. Venetian
ethnicepicurenyc.com
www.ethnicepicurenyc.com/culture-performances/2017/2/2/it…
129. James Kirke Paulding
**
Then they whistle as clear as the notes of the fife ;
***
20:20 – fife by Kellerman and whistle by Bobbe McFerren over images 130-131 to 20:58
130.
Irish Hornpipes – Wouter Kellerman on Fife – The Live Sessions (Part 1)
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4Ak4FynFYE
131
DontWorryBeHappy #Vevo
Bobby McFerrin – Don’t Worry Be Happy (Official Video)
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-diB65scQU
***
20:58 – people laughing over images 132-133 to 21:19
Black People Laughing | Try Not To Laugh Challenge
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCq_D-vGueM&t=194s
132. James Kirke Paulding
**
and their laugh is the very echo of hilarity.
133. Four Studies of the Head of a Negro (black) by Peter Paul Rubens
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
***
21:25 – Shana Aisenberg banjo over images 133-141 to 22:35
**
and their laugh is the very echo of hilarity.
END PAULDING
**
He will make himself happy in the traps that have been laid for him; he will roll in their nets and sleep. All doors will fly open to him
134. Jacob Jordaens, Study of a Black Man’s Head (ca. 1620). Medium and size unknown. Formerly New York, Estate of Jacob Goldschmidt; present location unknown
OTHER SOURCE OF ART AFRICAN
Black tronies in seventeenth-centur y Flemish ar t and the African presence
uir.unisa.ac.za
uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19126/Van%20Haute_…
**
who has a mildness more defiant than mere courage.
135. Barroom Dancing by John Lewis Krimmel – 1828 –
Library of Congress – commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barroom_Dancing_by_John_L…
**
He will be always "taken in." To be taken in everywhere is to see
136. The Banjo Lesson 1893 by Henry Ossawa Tannerwikiart.org
wikiart.org
www.wikiart.org/en/henry-ossawa-tanner/the-banjo-lesson-1893
**
the inside of everything.
SOURCE on the greenhorn
G.K. Chesterton Pick Papers notes
gkc.org.uk
www.gkc.org.uk/gkc/books/CD-1.html#IV
137. Thoughts of Liberia – Emancipation by Edward White 1861 – New York Historical Society
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_White#/media/File:’Thoughts_o…
137a. You sang
137b. away
137c. being owned
You sang away being owned
138. Four Studies of the Head of a Negro by Peter Paul Rubens
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
139 Four Studies of the Head of a Negro by Peter Paul Rubens
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
140 Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
Plantation Dance ring shout (3 still images)
mhenrystl Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQgrIcCtys0
141 full moon
naturalnavigator.com
www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2019/10/how-to-tell-if-you-…
JPK
Their fondness for music and dancing is a predominant passion. I never meet a negro man — unless he is quite old — that he is not whistling ; and the women sing from morning till night. And as to dancing, the hardest day’s work does not restrain their desire to indulge in such pastime. During the harvest, when their toil is pushed to its utmost — the time being one of recognized privileges — they dance almost the whole night. They are great sportsmen, too. They angle and haul the seine, and hunt and tend their traps, with a zest that never grows weary. Their gayety of heart is constitutional and perennial, and when they are together they are voluble and noisy. In short, I think them the most good-natured, careless, light-hearted, and happily-constructed human beings I have ever seen.
Swallow Barn pp. 454
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=plaint…
CF3 22.45 25.53
*
CHAPTER 11 – A Year’s Work in 1850 by Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com
civilwarscholars.com/2017/09/chapter-11-a-years-work-in-1…
***
22:45 – FX sound of overseer’s tin trumpet over images 142 and 142a to 23:01
Slave Horn – A History of Kentucky in 25 Objects KET – Kentucky Educational Television
:31 sound
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOZgNrOPvu0
22:45 – FX full summer night sounds over images 142-142b to 23:07
142. Tin Horn 12 Years a Slave movie
142b.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOZgNrOPvu0
142a. Bower field and horse – Jim Surkamp
142b. Sunrise on wheat field
***
23:03 – FX sharpening scythes over images 142b and 143 to 23:15
23:14 – cutting wheat with scythes over image 143 to 23:55
23:22 – Rosie work song over image 143 to 23:59
Alan Lomax, Negro Prison & Blues Songs Rosie
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fs1lgG81ZV8&list=PLcxxc3BIKvC…
143. Men Harvesting Grain with Scythes
wisconsinhistory.org
www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM59541
***
23:59 – Shana Aisenberg on mandolin over images 144-153 to 25:53.
144a. 1850 Poor Richard’s Almanac
archive.org
archive.org/stream/poorrichardsalm00frangoog#page/n18/mod…
144b. Farmers Nooning by William Sidney Mount – 1836
Long Island Museum (United States – Stony Brook, Long Island, New York)
artsandculture.google.com
artsandculture.google.com/asset/farmers-nooning-william-s…
***
24:09 – FX ravens over image 145 to 24:20
145. Stacking wheat by Edwin Forbes. – 1863 loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/2004661851/
146. Corn Husking by Eastman Johnson – 1860
Everson Museum of Art commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corn_Husking_by_Eastman_J…(1860).jpg
147. Charleston Vegetable Woman by William Aiken Walker
wahooart.com
en.wahooart.com/@@/8XX6CG-William-Aiken-Walker-Charleston…
See W.A. Walker en.wahooart.com/Art.nsf/Art_EN?Open&Complex&Query=(([Champ1]=%22William%20Aiken%20Walker%22)%20AND%20(%22Painting%22,%22Vegetables%22,%22Women%22,%22@PortraitSlim@%22,%22%22,%22AA5555%22))
***
24:49 – FX chopping wood over images 148 to 25:00
148a. Rural Scene by Louis Maurer – 1856 commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_Maurer_Preparing_fo…
148b. A patent of nobility by David Hunter Strother –
Harper’s July 1866 – babel.hathitrust.org
p. 139
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090353&vie…
149. The Sower by Jean-François Millet – 1850 Museum of Fine Arts – Gift of Quincy Adams Shaw through Quincy Adams Shaw, Jr., and Mrs. Marian Shaw Haughton
mfa.org
collections.mfa.org/objects/31601
***
25:14 – FX barking dog over image 150 to 25:18
150a. Cider_Colonial-Press_Retouched
eastfallshouse.com
www.eastfallshouse.com/update-party-goes-hard-core/
150b. Campfire
artofmanliness.com
www.artofmanliness.com/articles/three-essential-campfires…
150c. apple in palm of dark hand
indigoculturalcenter.org
indigoculturalcenter.org/racial-equity-training-and-consu…
***
25:18 – squealing hogs over image 151 to 25:26.
151a. Catching Hogs by David Hunter Strother 1857 – West Virginia and Regional History Center accession number (W1995.030.004)
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
151b. Smoked Ham at the Bonnie Crest Inn, North Carolina by William Aiken Walker – 1886
wahooart.com
en.wahooart.com/@@/8DP9RF-William%20Aiken%20Walker-Smoked…
152b. (center) “JENNY . . .A GOOD SPINSTER”
inthewordsofwomen.com
inthewordsofwomen.com/?cat=96
152a. winding yarn by David H. Strother, Harper’s (Aug., 1856)
p. 309
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056089801&vie…
152c. Lock’s Old Stephen. by D.H. Strother – 1845. Martinsburg Va. (P.95.30.391pg19)
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series
219. CF3
Image by Jim Surkamp
VIDEO: The Bower and its Families Part 3
www.youtube.com/watch?v=GE_ou8Ylyc8
POST: The Bower and its Families Part 3 (beginning to 3.23 in the video)
civilwarscholars.com/2021/02/the-bower-and-its-families-p…
The Bower and its Families Part 2 (with bibliography)
Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System (apus.edu). This video and all videos in this channel as well as the million words of posts at the corresponding source, civilwarscholars.com – are intended to encourage fact-based discussion to heighten better understanding of the foundational events of our country. Sentiments included in these productions, even if commendable, do not in any way reflect the 21st century policies of the University.
This is the third of about four videos.
I am working with Charles Fox, whose family descended from the remarkable John H. Fox, the owner/operator of three different farms and community leader, revered upon his death and who was born enslaved at the Bower.
I was absorbed in the question of how could and why did those enslaved sang,laughed and danced and even stayed up without sleeping and still working long days in the fields. And yes it is true as a consistent fact of life in Virginia in the early 19th century. I found the same observations in five different diaries in this immediate region. And I came to realize a great truth in this fact which will be explored in the third video. We have been served terribly with descriptions of enslaved peersons as being "child-like and pathetic" ignoring the obvious reality that they received their almost superhuman strength coming from their faith and African musical tradition. That African Americans routinely become the best in any athletic field they enter and the worldwide influence of their musical talents – gospel blues swing jazz motown etc. just underscore these earlier daily practices so long ago.
Glamorous and famous for its visitors (Washington Irving, Robert E. Lee, Jeb Stuart’s entire staff lived there for a month), the pre-Civil War owners practiced people-owning on a large scale – usually about sixty enslaved persons who kept up production there from day to day. A close reading of daily accounts reveals just how much the deepest, knowledge of hunting, cooking, horses etc resided in the most experienced persons of color.
It became famous as the place John Pendleton Kennedy, a relative from Baltimore who also supported Edgar Allan Poe, based his widely read book: "Swallow Barn: A Sojourn in the Old Dominion," that was published in 1832 and 1850.
It was a divided family, with regard to the Civil War, with author Kennedy opposing secession, the Dandridges at the Bower strongly supporting, or as Philip Kennedy put it – Adam Dandridge ate a strong "allowance of the insane root" to quote from Macbeth.
It might include a tragic love story. When John Fox was born in 1845 Adam Stephen Dandridge II was the only adult white male at The Bower.
It circles around Adam Dandridge II and Charles Fox’s great great grandmother "Mary" who was killed at the Bower.
It also follows the incredibly impressive John Fox, one of Mary’s five surviving children and culminates with Charles Fox’s powerfully impressive, of-the-earth, wisdom-dispensing grandfather, Charles Washington Fox.
We’ll leave it at that.
Care is taken to stay consistent with all information in official records (death certificates, Census, marriage records, deeds, and wills) in addition to the Fox family oral tradition, first transmitted by John Fox, with his eye-witness knowledge.
BEGIN
CF 3 0 .54
***
00: – Michael Praetorius: Dances from Terpsichore, Courante
Voices of Music over images 1-7 to :54 – youtube.com
Michael Praetorius: Dances from Terpsichore, Courante
Voices of Music
Hanneke van Proosdij and David Tayler
Directors
Musicians (left to right)
Carla Moore, Gabrielle Wunsch, Lisa Grodin and
Maxine Nemerovski, baroque violins
Maria Caswell, baroque viola
Peter Maund, riqq
Elisabeth Reed and Tanya Tomkins, baroque cellos
Farley Pearce, violone
Hanneke van Proosdij, harpsichord
David Tayler, archlute & percussion
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoGvKFSvs0o
1.
Two Women with Head-Ties, Jamaica, 1808-1815 – loc.gov
web4.encyclopediavirginia.org
web4.encyclopediavirginia.org/slave_images/Slavery/detail…
2.
Robert Greenhow Jr., ca. 1808, Charles B. J. Févret de Saint-Mémin (French, 1770 – 1852), pastel and crayon on toned paper, 18 3/8 x 14 in. (47.9 x 35.6 cm.). Gift of Mrs. William R. Scott 98.3.3/3
vmfa.museum
www.vmfa.museum/tours/audio-tours/web-tour-friend-heart-c…
3
Man Smoking a Pipe, ca. 1800-1825
slaveryimages.org
www.slaveryimages.org/s/slaveryimages/item/1480/mirador
4.
Mrs. Robert Greenhow Sr. (Mary Ann Willis), ca. 1808, Charles B. J. Févret de Saint-Mémin, (French, 1770 – 1852), pastel and crayon on toned paper, 19 5/8 x 13 7/8 in. (49.8 x 35.3 cm. ). Gift of Mrs. William R. Scott 98.3.1/3
vmfa.museum
www.vmfa.museum/tours/audio-tours/web-tour-friend-heart-c…
5. Tangerian Girl by José Tapiro y Baro – 1891. Dahesh Museum of Art in New York
arthistoryproject.com
arthistoryproject.com/artists/jose-tapiro-y-baro/tangeria…
6.
Robert Greenhow Sr., ca. 1808, Charles B. J. Févret de Saint-Mémin (French, 1770 – 1852), pastel and crayon on toned paper, 19 5/8 x 14 1/8 in. (48.8 x 35.9 cm.). Gift of Mrs. William R. Scott 98.3.2/3
vmfa.museum
www.vmfa.museum/tours/audio-tours/web-tour-friend-heart-c…
7.
Absalam by SANTIAGO ARCOS Y MEGALDE
bonhams.com
www.bonhams.com/auctions/23917/lot/10/?category=results
CF3 .54 1.39 Images
***
8. Title
9. Bower aerial
Google Maps
google.com/maps
www.google.com/maps/@39.3664719,-77.9554242,1762m/data=!3…
10. rear exit The Bower taken by Edwin Fitzpatrick
Jefferson County Historical Society (1991). "Between the Shenandoah & the Potomac."
Charles Town, WV: self-published. p. ADD
11. brief moving dresses no sound – Gone With the Wind (fair use)
12. Portrait of Adam Stephen Dandridge, Sr. (1782-1821) by Charles Peale Polk 1799-1800
emuseum.history.org
emuseum.history.org/objects/28061/portrait-of-adam-stephe…
13. same as 11
14. Portrait of Sarah Pendleton Dandridge (Mrs. Adam Stephen Dandridge, Sr.)(1785-1855)
by James W. Macoughtry, Jr. 1831
emuseum.history.org
emuseum.history.org/objects/42669/portrait-of-sarah-pendl…
15. The first quadrille at Almack’s From Recollections of Captain Gronow (1850)
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/363313894910535906/
16. The "Trenis" Quadrille, Plate 19 from "Le Bon Genre," 1805
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/427349452145394118/
17. swirling dress
Gone With tHe Wind fair use and
18. Figure 11. A German Cotillion, Vienna, c.1825. From Scenes du Bal by Charles Henry.
regencydances.org
www.regencydances.org/paper011.php
19. Object: Le baiser deviné; Series: Le Bon Genre – 1812
britishmuseum.org
www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1866-0407-902
***
1:41 – Summer Nights from Desert Winds produced by Shana Aisenberg over images 20-26 to 3:23
2:22 – FX carriages, hooves, horses over images 24-26 to 3:23
2:24 – FX Owl frogs autumn over images 24-25 to 3:01
20. Spider’s web in the sun
21. James Kirke Paulding
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JKPaulding.jpg
& history.navy.mil
www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-p/jk-pauld.htm
Author Government of the United States
22. Joseph of Egypt
frchriszugger.com
frchriszugger.com/2018/03/21/joseph-of-egypt-and-christ/
**
J. K. Paulding: I once knew a worthy old lady, who never saw or heard any thing in this World that did not put her in mind of Joseph in Egypt. Whenever any thing was told her, no matter what,
23. A pretty girl and an old woman both taking snuff. Coloured stipple engraving after L. Boilly, ca. 1827.
wellcomecollection.org INCLUDE Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
wellcomecollection.org/works/q6j67tvc
**
she would take a pinch of snuff, and exclaim with a devotional air, “Ah! that puts me in mind of Joseph in Egypt.” Nobody could tell why; but so it was
*
Paulding, James Kirke. (1835). "Letters from the South By a Northern man."
New-York : Harper & brothers
p. 50 Vol 2
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112046404643&vi…
24. TITLE James Kirke Paulding in 1816, while heading north in the Shenandoah Valley
to Martinsburg:
25. Shenandoah Valley by William Louis Sonntag, Sr. 1859–1860Virginia Historical Society
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shenandoah_Valley_William…
**
In traversing this mountain region, one of the first things that struck me was the solemn, severe silence which prevailed every where, and only broken at distant intervals, by the note of the cock of the woods; the chirping of a ground squirrel; the crash of a falling tree, or the long echoes of the fowler’s gun, which render the silence, thus broken in upon for a moment, still more striking.
p. 116 vol 1
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112046404387&vi…
26. Drawing by Garth Williams, 1953 version of Little House in the Big Woods, pg. 123
silverhomestead.com
silverhomestead.com/how-to-make-brown-sugar/
**
In many places the only traces of human agency are the incisions of the sugar maple, and the little troughs at the foot of the tree turned upside down, to wait the flowing of the sap in the spring.
Paulding Vol. 1 p. 118
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112046404387&vi…
CF 3 3.23 5.32
***
3:23 – FX hum of voices over images 27-30 to 5:32
*
Begins
Paulding, James Kirke. (1817) "Letters from the South, written during an excursion in the summer of 1816." New York, Published by James Eastburn & co.
pp. 117-131
p. 121
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/121/mode/1up
**
27. James Kirke Paulding
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JKPaulding.jpg
& history.navy.mil
www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-p/jk-pauld.htm
Author Government of the United States
At one of the taverns along the road, we were set down in the same room with a man, who was
28.
Eugène Pelletan by Nadar 1855–59 – Purchase, The Howard Gilman Foundation Gift and Rogers Fund,
metmuseum.org/
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/266480
**
an ill-looking, hard-featured, pock-marked, fellow. He was going, it seems, to Richmond.
WARNING DISTURBING ACCOUNTS OF EXTREME CRUELTY
All along the road, I made it his business to inquire where lived a man who might perhaps be tempted to sell him his slaves and when I got some half a dozen of them, I tied their hands behind their backs, and drove them three or four hundred miles, or more, bare-headed, and half naked, I gave out that they were runaway slaves I was carrying home to their masters.
On one occasion a black woman exposed this fallacy, and told the story of her being kidnapped; and (123) when I got her into a wood out of hearing, I beat her, till her back was white."
I married all the men and women I bought, because they would sell better for being man and wife !
"For many is the time I have separated wives from husbands, and husbands from wives, and parents from children ;
but then I made them amends by marrying them again as soon as I had a chance
I made one bad purchase, though," I bought a young mulatto girl, a lovely creature, — a great bargain. She had been the favourite of her master, who had lately married.
The difficulty was, to get her to go ; for she loved her master.
However, I swore most bitterly I was only going to take her to her mother at , and she went with me; though she seemed to doubt me very much.
But when she discovered at last that we were out of the State, I thought she would go mad ; and, in fact, the next night, drowned herself in the river close by.
I lost a good five hundred dollars by this foolish trick,
p. 121
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/121/mode/1up
29. James Kirke Paulding
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JKPaulding.jpg
& history.navy.mil
www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-p/jk-pauld.htm
Author Government of the United States
**
page 120
it is seldom we see the ties of kindred or of conjugal affection, stronger than in the poor negro. He will travel twelre, fifteen, or twenty miles, to see his wife and children, after his daily
30. by Miguel Ângelo Lupi 1879. This is a couple of former slaves that accompained a portuguese aristocrat, Serpa Pinto, in his voyages through Africa
pinterest.es
www.pinterest.es/pin/443886107023349726/
page 121
labour is over, and return in the morning to his labour again. If he obtains his liberty, he will often devote the first years of his liberty to buying their freedom; — thus setting an example of conjugal and parental affection, which the white man may indeed admire ; but, it is feared, would seldom imitate.
pp. 120-121
archive.org
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/120/mode/1up
Paulding, James Kirke. (1817) "Letters from the South, written during an excursion in the summer of 1816." New York, Published by James Eastburn & co.
pp. 117-131
CF3 5.32 7.18
***
Gourd Banjo and Hambone on a Mississippi Porch
Markus James – gourd banjo
Calvin Jackson – hambone
From the album "Head For The Hills" by Markus James;
As heard in the HBO film "The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks" featuring Oprah Winfrey
www.facebook.com/markusjamesm...
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTKE3IaVVmA
Images 31, 32 and 34-38
The Old Plantation attributed to John Rose
Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum, Williamsburg, Virginia
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Plantation#/media/File:Slav…
33. Bower Farm Leetown WV – Jim Surkamp
39. The Highest Bidder by Harry Roseland
encore-editions.com
www.encore-editions.com/to-the-highest-bidder-by-harry-ro…
40.The Power of Music by Wm Sidney Mount – 1847
theimaginativeconservative.org
theimaginativeconservative.org/2018/11/images-america-wil…
41. "Aunt Lucy" Hermitage – 1915
Essie Collins Matthews, Aunt Phebe, Uncle Tom and Others: Character Studies Among the Old Slaves of the South, Fifty Years After: illustrated from photographs made by the author in the cabins and on the plantations (Columbus, Ohio, 1915)
slaveryimages.org
slaveryimages.org/s/slaveryimages/item/1553
Aunt Phebe, Uncle Tom and Other, p. 104
42. Man with axe
Kennedy, John Pendleton, (1856) "Swallow barn, or, A sojourn in the Old Dominion." New York, G.P. Putnam & Company.
p. 404
hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433076089170&vie…
43a. Head of a Black man by Eastman Johnson – 1868
wikiart.org
www.wikiart.org/en/eastman-johnson/head-of-a-black-man-1868
43b. Frank Wagoner by D.H. Strother Harpers Feb. 1855, p. 300
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090080&vie…
44. The Banjo Player by Wm Sidney Mount – 1856
theimaginativeconservative.org
theimaginativeconservative.org/2018/11/images-america-wil…
45. Swallow Barn man with pipe
Kennedy, John Pendleton, (1856) "Swallow barn, or, A sojourn in the Old Dominion." New York, G.P. Putnam & Company.
p. 448
hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433076089170&vie…
46a. Bill Napper by D.H. Strother 1845
P.95.30.391pg13
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
46b. detail The Power of Music by Wm Sidney Mount – 1847
theimaginativeconservative.org
theimaginativeconservative.org/2018/11/images-america-wil…
47a. “A Swedish Gentleman instructing a Negro Prince” by Carl Fredric von Breda – 1789
Karolina Kristensson, © Nordiska museet
digitaltmuseum.se
digitaltmuseum.se/011023459953/tavla
47b. cook by D.H. Strother Harpers Jan. 1856 p. 177
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090064&vie…
47c. Antique Martinique Merchant
www.picclick.com
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/463589355373107433/
48. Shell Mound Station by D.H. Strother
P.95.30.393pg4a
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
SOURCES of given persons: names in this chapter:
First Section
Pinco – from account book of A.S.Dandridge II – Jefferson County Museum & The Mighty Myth of the Happy Plantation at civilwarscholars.com;
Carey (Swallow Barn);
Cate, Eliza, Serina, Anne and Mary (wills of Adam Stephen and his daughter, Anne Stephen Hunter),
Second Section – Source of persons’ names in the montage
Walter Dean Myers, who was born in Martinsburg, descended from the Dennis family who worked at The Bower and has become a respected author, wrote this in his book, “Now Is Your Time”:
“In 1849, Adam Stephen Dandridge II lived at The Bower and ran the plantation. His brother Philip lived nearby. When Philip needed to secure his loans, he put up part of his inheritance, which consisted of part of the Bower lands and his Africans:
‘The following slaves, the property of the said Philip P. Dandridge, now in his possession in Jefferson County, or in the custody of Dr. Gellot Hollingsworth and Samuel Hollingsworth, in the State of Louisiana, together with the increase (children) of said slaves – vis; Cato, Henny, George, Robert, John, Daniel, James, Simon, Peter, Tina, Caroline, Leah, Mary Ann and her children, Rachael, Ann, Louisa & children, Frances, Margaret, Patty, including all of the slaves of the said Philip P. Dandridge, whether named or not. . . to secure a debt of said P. P. Dandridge’ – (Myers, P. 99)
The Mighty Myth of the Happy Plantation
civilwarscholars.com/2011/06/sample-post/
interview 2002 with Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com
***
7:20 – Shana Aisenberg on banjo with accompaniment over images 49
49. "Mary" semblance
David Hunter Strother, Sketches of “contrabands,” enslaved African Americans who crossed into the federal lines, 1862. Courtesy of the Library of Virginia.
southernspaces.org
southernspaces.org/2010/retelling-virginias-migration-his…
**
I got this from Uncle Dewey because he spoke for black history month down here. He said that somebody told the mistress there was four little foxes down there looking out the window: She got the market basket and went down ‘thought he was talking about animals.
And they were these Negro children. So of course she told the master. So he said: ‘Well just bring ‘em on up here and he put ‘em in the kitchen. And he said they would take a tub, like a foot tub, put bread in it, and milk, pour it in there and they ate with the cats and dogs under the kitchen table.
But by being at the big house, they learned to talk. They learned to read. They just learned things. When you’re ’round, you pick up – he was not back there in the field somewhere.
So, one of ’em became a preacher. One of ’em became a cook. And that one I think – we would say – like a butler. He was ssomething like – if you saw "Roots" – he was like Chicken John. And as I said, the girl, they lost trace of her. Steve went to Ohio. So they lost trace of him. And farmer John, see, he bought the oxen and he cut lumber. He was known as a lumber jacket.
And if you would read the history of St. Paul’s Church, it was John Fox – that’s my grandfather – It was George Johnson – grandfather on my mother’s side, a Carter and I think three other men – bought that piece of land where that church is. They paid for it. An’ lot of the lumber in the church John Fox gave.
50. Bertha Jones, Jefferson Co. NAACP Executive Committee
jeffcomuseumwv.pastperfectonline.com
jeffcomuseumwv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/75847923-F4F…
51. Sunday Morning in Virginia by Winslow Homer – 1877 Cincinnati Art Museum
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Winslow_Homer_-_Sunday_Mo…
52a. A patent of nobility by D. H. Strother Harpers July, 1866 p. 139
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090353&vie…
52b
Benjamin Fox
findagrave.com
www.findagrave.com/memorial/190534275/benjamin-f-fox
53.
Humphery black child on horseback by D.H. Strother
P.95.30.390pg13
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
54.
Mary Kindling the fire by D.H. Strother Harpers Aug, 1855 p. 295
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090072&vie…
55.
Steve Aunt Winnie by D.F. Strother Harper’s Aug, 1856 p. 310
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056089801&vie…
56. Bower field and horse by Jim Surkamp
57a.
(John Fox semblance) African American boy sitting by D. H. Strother – 1864
P.95.30.345
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
57b. John Henry Fox – courtesy Charles Fox
58
St. Paul’s Baptist Church
Kearneysville, WV
google.com/maps
www.google.com/maps/uv?pb=!1s0x89c9ffadeda3091b%3A0x5c698…
later
"Baltimore" tea et by D.H. Strother 1860
P.95.30.27
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series 6. Artworks, 1833-1887, undated
archives.lib.wvu.edu
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
The Wood-pile by D.F. Strother Harper’s Aug, 1856 p. 316
babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056089801&vie…
for litle potatoe segment
CF 3 9:48 12.14
***
9:48 – hum over images 59-60 to 10:07
Skip James- Hard Time Killin’ Floor Blues
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNftrsCMiQs
59. Bower field and horse – Jim Surkamp
60. TITLE
**
In 1754, the New Light Baptists, led by Shubal Stearns, came down from Connecticut, crossed into Virginia at the Opequon & clashed head-on with the Episcopal Church – the State religion.
10:08 – "Deliver" New Light Baptist Church of Pittsburgh over images 61-80 to 12:16
starts at 1:52-5:09
New Light Temple Baptist Church (Pittsburgh, PA) Jubilee Choir 1997
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=StiBu3Dla74
61 TITLE
**
The children of Africa down through the Shenandoah Valley got it at once. They had every day sung and beat the beat for thousands of years.
62. TITLE
**
On farms and plantations, they inhabited their Inner Kingdom and together invented and sang out Truth in the Lion’s den. But using these newly learned Biblical stories, they confounded the Lion.
63-80 New Light Temple Baptist Church (Pittsburgh, PA) Jubilee Choir 1997
CF3 12.16 17.00
SOURCES:
"THE COLORED TROOPS AT PETERSBURG" by GEN. HENRY GODDARD THOMAS. in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Vol. 4. New York: The Century Co.pp. 563-568
CHAPTER 22 – Manassas: The Men Become One by Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com
civilwarscholars.com/2017/03/story-22-manassas-the-men-be…
CHAPTER 22: Manassas Camp – The Men Become One (from Jasper Tjhompson’s Destiny Day)
youtube.com
youtu.be/KSXoj0c5My4#t=2h49m57s
***
hum over images 59-60 to 10:07
Skip James- Hard Time Killin’ Floor Blues
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNftrsCMiQs
**
81. TITLE
At any quiet moment together, one might test a tune and sing it into the silence. And the others "study" it, some adding a harmony, or the first person would make the tune or beat better. Others might join. Then more might. And a mountain would
begin to move, lifting hearts.
TITLES:
82. WITH THE U.S. COLORED TROOPS
83. 23RD INFANTRY REGIMENT
84. ON THE EVE OF THE BATTLE OF THE CRATER JULY 30, 1864
85. "STUDY-ING"
***
12:56 – Soldier Song by Shana Aisenberg over images 85-92 to 13:35
13:35 – guitar by Shana Aisenberg over images 92-102 to 15:15
15:15 over images 102-104 to 17:10
86, 87, 88
[Wounded colored soldiers at Aikens Landing] taken by E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm) – [New York City : E. & H.T. Anthony Co., photographed between 1862 and 1865, printed later]
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/98500957/
**
Robert K. Beecham, James Douglas, Voghl Foster, George Kellum, John H. Simms, George W. Taylor, Uriah Perry, Perry Smith, James Smith, William H. Chandler,
**
Adam C. Liscomb, Charles Walker, Henry Yates, George H. Briscoe, Peter Churchwell, Zelotis Fessenden, Noble A. Stewart, John W. Thomas, Francis Tucker, Abraham Tuxon, Basil Tyler, Richard Saunders, Alexander Savoy
89.
Musical notation of Soldier Song by Maj. Gen. Henry Thomas
p. 564
archive.org/stream/battlesleadersof04cent#page/564/mode/1up
90. Head of a Man (Ira Frederick Aldridge) by John P. Simpson
tate.org.uk
www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/simpson-head-of-a-man-ira-fr…
dual
91. Maj. Gen Henry Thomas
p. 565
archive.org/stream/battlesleadersof04cent#page/565/mode/1up
92.
Drawing by Ward S. Day, 5th New York, Company C
93.
News from home by Edwin Forbes – Sept. 30, 1863
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.20648/
**
Strolling often around the camp their commander Henry G. Thomas observed later:
Any striking event or piece of news was usually eagerly discussed by the white troops, and in the ranks military critics were as plenty and perhaps more voluble than among the officers.
94. & 95.
[Wounded colored soldiers at Aikens Landing] taken by E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm) – [New York City : E. & H.T. Anthony Co., photographed between 1862 and 1865, printed later]
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/98500957/
Not so with the blacks; important news was usually followed by long silence. They sat about in groups, “studying,” as they called it. They waited, like the Quakers, for the spirit to move; when the spirit moved,
96.
Head of a Man (Ira Frederick Aldridge) by John P. Simpson
tate.org.uk
www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/simpson-head-of-a-man-ira-fr…
one of their singers would uplift a mighty voice, like a bard of old, in a wild sort of chant. If he did not strike a sympathetic chord in his hearers,
97 & 98
[Wounded colored soldiers at Aikens Landing] taken by E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm) – [New York City : E. & H.T. Anthony Co., photographed between 1862 and 1865, printed later]
loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/98500957/
if they did not find in his utterance the exponent of their idea, he would sing it again and again, altering sometimes the words, more often the music. If his changes met general acceptance, one voice after another would chime in; a rough harmony of three parts would add itself;
99. 26th United States Colored Volunteer Inf. at Camp William Penn, 1865
archives.gov
www.archives.gov/files/research/military/civil-war/photos…
other groups would join his, and the song would become the song of the command.
100.
Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
**
One evening Thomas saw this act of creation and wrote down its core.
The joyous guffaw always breaking out about the camp-fire ceased. They formed circles in their company streets and were sitting on the ground intently and solemnly “studying.” At last a heavy voice began to sing,
“We-e looks li-ike we-en a-a-marchin’ on, We looks li-ike men-er-war.”
dual
101
Head of a Man (Ira Frederick Aldridge) by John P. Simpson
tate.org.uk
www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/simpson-head-of-a-man-ira-fr…
102
Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
Over and over again he sang it, making slight changes in the melody. The rest listened to him intently; no sign of approval or disapproval escaped their lips or appeared on their faces. All at once, when his refrain had struck the right response in their hearts, his group took it up, and shortly half a thousand voices were upraised extemporizing a half dissonant middle part and bass. It was a picturesque scene these dark men, with their white eyes and teeth and full red lips, crouching over a smoldering camp-fire, in dusky shadow, with only the feeble rays of the lanterns of the first sergeants and the lights of the candles dimly showing through the tents. The sound was as weird as the scene, when all the voices struck the low E (last note but one), held it, and then rose to A with a portamento as sonorous as it was clumsy. Until we fought the battle of the crater they sang this every night to the exclusion of all other songs.- Battles & Leaders V. 4
archive.org pp. 563-564
archive.org
archive.org/stream/battlesleadersof04cent#page/563/mode/1up
pp. 563-564
103. TITLE
www.storey.com/article/hello-darkness/
**
Songs and laughter heal aching hearts, weary bones
104. Full moon
naturalnavigator.com
www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2019/10/how-to-tell-if-you-…
CF3 17.11 22.45
***
17:11 FX owls, frogs/frog chorus/summer night ambience insects, crickets over images 104-
109 to 17:43
104. full moon
naturalnavigator.com
www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2019/10/how-to-tell-if-you-…
**
TITLES
105.
3 AM July 23rd 1850, a full moon
106.
"The Quarter" of A.S. Dandridge – Leetown, then Va.
107.
The morning of the wheat harvest . . .
***
17:27 – hambone and gourd banjo over images 108-118 to 19:10
From the album "Head For The Hills" by Markus James
Markus James – gourd banjo
Calvin Jackson – hambone
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTKE3IaVVmA
17:33 black laughing over images 108-111 to 17:58
Black People Laughing | Try Not To Laugh Challenge
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCq_D-vGueM&t=194s
108.
As usual, cabins in the Quarter vibrated most of the night with song, dance, and laughter around their fires.
109.
Traveling diarists across Virginia reported for decades that the black workers were incredibly fit, slept little,
***
17:44 – FX fire burning, wood crackle over images 110-118 to 19:10
TITLE
**
sharing the wee hours in a joyous, private world.
montage
110. Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
clockwise begin lower vieer’s right"
110a. & 110b.
Negro Life at the South by Eastman Johnson – 1859 New-York Historical Society, The Robert L. Stuart Collection
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro_Life_at_the_South#/media/File…
110b. Kitchen at Mount Vernon by Eastman Johnson – 1864 – Mount Vernon
emuseum.mountvernon.org
emuseum.mountvernon.org/objects/6118/kitchen-at-mount-ver…
110c. Dinah by Eastman Johnson – 1867 Gibbes Museum of Art
npg.si.edu
npg.si.edu/object/npg_2006.007_Gibbes
110d., 110e., 110f. Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
Plantation Dance ring shout (3 still images)
mhenrystl Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQgrIcCtys0
110g. Four Studies of the Head of a Negro by Peter Paul Rubens – 1615 Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
110h. Uncle Tom and Little Eva by Edwin Long 1866 – Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edwin_Longsden_Long_-_Unc…
110i. Head of a Moor by Peter Paul Rubens – 1620 – Hyde Collection
uir.unisa.ac.za
uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19126/Van%20Haute_…
110j. Negro Life at the South by Eastman Johnson – 1859 New-York Historical Society, The Robert L. Stuart Collection
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro_Life_at_the_South#/media/File…
***
17:53 – frying bacon over image 111 to 18:16
TITLE
** We’re bakin’ cakes for the ‘morrow
111. Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
TITLE
** "Mush Cake" "Corn Cake" lard + cornmeal + water salt
112. Camp Fire by Winslow Homer 1880
metmuseum.org
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11112
113. (Same as 110)
begin Bayard
**
At four o’clock in the morning smoke was still rising from the huts of the negroes. They have fire during the entire night, and in the hottest season. Often, instead of sleeping, they smoke, sing or converse, without that loss of sleep affecting them.
114. Dance in Congo Square in the late 18th century, artist’s conception by E. W. Kemble from a century later
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Square#/media/File:Dancing_in…
**
Almost all of them, after a night devoted to pleasure, can take up their labor without
115. Carolus-Duran, l’homme endormi, 1861, hst
Musée des beaux-arts de Lille visite du 3 juin 2009 © gaelle kermen 2009
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/497929302535845386/
**
experiencing that weariness that a white man would feel who had been deprived of his rest.
*
CHAPTER XXVII
at four o’clock in the morning smoke was still rising from the huts of the negroes
They have fire during the entire night, and in the hottest season. Often, instead of sleeping, they smoke, sing or converse, without that loss of sleep affecting them. Almost all of them, after a night devoted to pleasure, can take up their labor without experiencing that weariness that a white man would feel who had been deprived of his rest.
Bayard, Ferdinand Marie, (1950). "Travels of a Frenchman in Maryland and Virginia,
with a description of Philadelphia and Baltimore, in 1791: or, Travels in the interior of the United States, to Bath, Winchester, in the valley of the Shenandoah, etc., etc., during the summer of 1791." Translated by Ben C. McCary. An Arbor, MU: Edwards Brothers.
catalog.hathitrust.org
catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001263616
*
MORE
CHAPTER XXVII
I set out at four o’clock in the morning in order to be able to be on the mountains before the sun was too high. A light fog cov ered the valley like a transparent veil, and through which appeared the tree tops, the houses of the planters, as well as the huts of the Negroes, from which smoke was still rising. The slaves have fire during the entire night, and in the hottest season. Often, instead of sleeping, they smoke, sing or converse, without that loss of sleep affecting them. Almost all of them, after a night devoted to pleas ure, can take up their labor without experiencing that weariness that a white man would feel who had been deprived of his rest.
I found the squirrels wide awake. They were climbing with agility in the largest oaks, taking the precaution to keep the entire thickness of the body of the tree between them and me, whom they looked at from time to time to be sure that I had not gone round their file leader. The instinct of self preservation no doubt sug gested to them that precaution which presents the greatest obsta cles to the hunter; but all that ruse does not preserve them from the shot of the enemy; it has made him only more skillful.
In the regions where, as in the Shenandoah Valley, squirrels are very numerous, they are hunted without dogs; but if you want to kill a great number of them, you must get up early in the morn ing and wait for them to return from their nightly wanderings.
There are three species of squirrels, the first differs from the one we know in France only in that it is smaller, and the Amer icans call the members of this group Fox-Squirrel; the second, smaller, has grey fur; the third still smaller, but of the same color, is that of the flying squirrels: the latter have two mem branes which they spread out when they spring from one tree to another. The flesh of the grey squirrels is white and tender: they are roasted and seasoned with cream sauce: the furriers buy their skins.
p. 96
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027057820&vie…
END MORE
Over images 116-117
**
I never meet a man — unless he is quite old — that he is not whistling ; and the women sing from morning till night. And as to dancing, the hardest day’s work does not restrain their desire to indulge in such pastime.
Swallow Barn pp. 454
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=plaint…
116. The Old Plantation. Courtesy of the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center, Williamsburg, Va.
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Plantation#/media/File:Slav…
**
I never met a negro man — unless he is quite old — that he is not whistling;
117. Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
Plantation Dance ring shout – youtube.com
**
and the women sing from morning till night.
118. Self-Portrait by Eastman Johnson 1865 – Brooklyn Museum
brooklynmuseum.org
www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/2234
**
And as to dancing, the hardest day’s work does not restrain their desire to indulge in such pastime.
***
19:10 – FX cockrell crow over image 119 to 19:12
**
They are great sportsmen, too.
**
They angle and haul the seine, and hunt and tend their traps, with a zest that never grows weary.
**
Their gayety of heart is constitutional and perennial, and when they are together they are as voluble and noisy. birds. In short, I think them the most good-natured, and happily-constructed human beings I have ever seen.
Swallow Barn
pp. 454-455
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=1up&am…
**
During the harvest, when their toil is pushed to its utmost, they dance almost the whole night. – Swallow Barn pp. 454-455
119. sunrise over wheat field
wallpaperflare.com
www.wallpaperflare.com/earth-field-sun-sunbeam-sunrise-wh…
***
19:14 – scythe cutting wheat over images 120-121 to 19:27
120. Men Harvesting Grain with Scythes
wisconsinhistory.org
www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM59541
121. John Pendleton Kennedy, C.1825
by Philip Tilyard
art.com
www.art.com/products/p38298748725-sa-i9815433/philip-tily…
**
JPK – wrote of life at The Bower that I know well. I have seen that they are also great sportsmen, too.
122. Mending the Net 1882 by Thomas Eakins
poulwebb.blogspot.com
1882 Mending the Net
watercolour
**
They angle and haul the seine, and hunt and tend their traps,
***
19:37 – Shana Aisenberg banjo over images 123-128
123. possum
Swallow Barn p. 405 babel.hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=1up&am…
**
with a zest that never grows weary.
124. The Dancing Boy – 1878 by Thomas Eakins
poulwebb.blogspot.com
poulwebb.blogspot.com/2012/07/thomas-eakins-part-2.html
**
Their gaiety of heart is constitutional and perennial, and when they are together they are voluble and noisy. In short, I think them the most good-natured, and happily-constructed human beings I have ever seen.
125. Uncle Tom and Little Eva by Edwin Longsden Long – 1866 Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tom_and_Little_Eva_(painting)
END JPK QUOTE
INSERT PAULING
DEAR FRANK,
126.
The Banjo Lesson 1893 by Henry Ossawa Tanner
wikiart.org
www.wikiart.org/en/henry-ossawa-tanner/the-banjo-lesson-1893
Over images 126-133
**
They are by far the most musical of any portion of the inhabitants of the United States, and in the evening I have seen them reclining in their boats on the canal at Richmond, playing on the banjo, and singing in a style — I dare say, equal to a Venetian Gondolier.
Then they whistle as clear as the notes of the fife and their laugh is the very echo of hilarity.
Paulding, James Kirke. (1817) "Letters from the South, written during an excursion in the summer of 1816." New York, Published by James Eastburn & co.
p. 118
archive.org
archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul/page/118/mode/1up
**
They are by far the most musical of any portion of the inhabitants of the United States, and in the evening I have seen them playing on the banjo, and singing in a style — I dare say, equal to a Venetian Gondolier.
127. African American man singing
New Light Temple Baptist Church (Pittsburgh, PA) Jubilee Choir 1997 – youtube.com
20:08 over image 128 to 20:15
The Best Singing Gondolier at the Venetian, Las Vegas – Tino!
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCrsWf2x5cA
128. Venetian
ethnicepicurenyc.com
www.ethnicepicurenyc.com/culture-performances/2017/2/2/it…
129. James Kirke Paulding
**
Then they whistle as clear as the notes of the fife ;
***
20:20 – fife by Kellerman and whistle by Bobbe McFerren over images 130-131 to 20:58
130.
Irish Hornpipes – Wouter Kellerman on Fife – The Live Sessions (Part 1)
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4Ak4FynFYE
131
DontWorryBeHappy #Vevo
Bobby McFerrin – Don’t Worry Be Happy (Official Video)
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-diB65scQU
***
20:58 – people laughing over images 132-133 to 21:19
Black People Laughing | Try Not To Laugh Challenge
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCq_D-vGueM&t=194s
132. James Kirke Paulding
**
and their laugh is the very echo of hilarity.
133. Four Studies of the Head of a Negro (black) by Peter Paul Rubens
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
***
21:25 – Shana Aisenberg banjo over images 133-141 to 22:35
**
and their laugh is the very echo of hilarity.
END PAULDING
**
He will make himself happy in the traps that have been laid for him; he will roll in their nets and sleep. All doors will fly open to him
134. Jacob Jordaens, Study of a Black Man’s Head (ca. 1620). Medium and size unknown. Formerly New York, Estate of Jacob Goldschmidt; present location unknown
OTHER SOURCE OF ART AFRICAN
Black tronies in seventeenth-centur y Flemish ar t and the African presence
uir.unisa.ac.za
uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19126/Van%20Haute_…
**
who has a mildness more defiant than mere courage.
135. Barroom Dancing by John Lewis Krimmel – 1828 –
Library of Congress – commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barroom_Dancing_by_John_L…
**
He will be always "taken in." To be taken in everywhere is to see
136. The Banjo Lesson 1893 by Henry Ossawa Tannerwikiart.org
wikiart.org
www.wikiart.org/en/henry-ossawa-tanner/the-banjo-lesson-1893
**
the inside of everything.
SOURCE on the greenhorn
G.K. Chesterton Pick Papers notes
gkc.org.uk
www.gkc.org.uk/gkc/books/CD-1.html#IV
137. Thoughts of Liberia – Emancipation by Edward White 1861 – New York Historical Society
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_White#/media/File:’Thoughts_o…
137a. You sang
137b. away
137c. being owned
You sang away being owned
138. Four Studies of the Head of a Negro by Peter Paul Rubens
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
139 Four Studies of the Head of a Negro by Peter Paul Rubens
wga.hu
www.wga.hu/support/viewer_m/z.html
140 Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
Plantation Dance ring shout (3 still images)
mhenrystl Georgia Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQgrIcCtys0
141 full moon
naturalnavigator.com
www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2019/10/how-to-tell-if-you-…
JPK
Their fondness for music and dancing is a predominant passion. I never meet a negro man — unless he is quite old — that he is not whistling ; and the women sing from morning till night. And as to dancing, the hardest day’s work does not restrain their desire to indulge in such pastime. During the harvest, when their toil is pushed to its utmost — the time being one of recognized privileges — they dance almost the whole night. They are great sportsmen, too. They angle and haul the seine, and hunt and tend their traps, with a zest that never grows weary. Their gayety of heart is constitutional and perennial, and when they are together they are voluble and noisy. In short, I think them the most good-natured, careless, light-hearted, and happily-constructed human beings I have ever seen.
Swallow Barn pp. 454
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxqc5z&view=plaint…
CF3 22.45 25.53
*
CHAPTER 11 – A Year’s Work in 1850 by Jim Surkamp
civilwarscholars.com
civilwarscholars.com/2017/09/chapter-11-a-years-work-in-1…
***
22:45 – FX sound of overseer’s tin trumpet over images 142 and 142a to 23:01
Slave Horn – A History of Kentucky in 25 Objects KET – Kentucky Educational Television
:31 sound
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOZgNrOPvu0
22:45 – FX full summer night sounds over images 142-142b to 23:07
142. Tin Horn 12 Years a Slave movie
142b.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOZgNrOPvu0
142a. Bower field and horse – Jim Surkamp
142b. Sunrise on wheat field
***
23:03 – FX sharpening scythes over images 142b and 143 to 23:15
23:14 – cutting wheat with scythes over image 143 to 23:55
23:22 – Rosie work song over image 143 to 23:59
Alan Lomax, Negro Prison & Blues Songs Rosie
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fs1lgG81ZV8&list=PLcxxc3BIKvC…
143. Men Harvesting Grain with Scythes
wisconsinhistory.org
www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM59541
***
23:59 – Shana Aisenberg on mandolin over images 144-153 to 25:53.
144a. 1850 Poor Richard’s Almanac
archive.org
archive.org/stream/poorrichardsalm00frangoog#page/n18/mod…
144b. Farmers Nooning by William Sidney Mount – 1836
Long Island Museum (United States – Stony Brook, Long Island, New York)
artsandculture.google.com
artsandculture.google.com/asset/farmers-nooning-william-s…
***
24:09 – FX ravens over image 145 to 24:20
145. Stacking wheat by Edwin Forbes. – 1863 loc.gov
www.loc.gov/item/2004661851/
146. Corn Husking by Eastman Johnson – 1860
Everson Museum of Art commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corn_Husking_by_Eastman_J…(1860).jpg
147. Charleston Vegetable Woman by William Aiken Walker
wahooart.com
en.wahooart.com/@@/8XX6CG-William-Aiken-Walker-Charleston…
See W.A. Walker en.wahooart.com/Art.nsf/Art_EN?Open&Complex&Query=(([Champ1]=%22William%20Aiken%20Walker%22)%20AND%20(%22Painting%22,%22Vegetables%22,%22Women%22,%22@PortraitSlim@%22,%22%22,%22AA5555%22))
***
24:49 – FX chopping wood over images 148 to 25:00
148a. Rural Scene by Louis Maurer – 1856 commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_Maurer_Preparing_fo…
148b. A patent of nobility by David Hunter Strother –
Harper’s July 1866 – babel.hathitrust.org
p. 139
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056090353&vie…
149. The Sower by Jean-François Millet – 1850 Museum of Fine Arts – Gift of Quincy Adams Shaw through Quincy Adams Shaw, Jr., and Mrs. Marian Shaw Haughton
mfa.org
collections.mfa.org/objects/31601
***
25:14 – FX barking dog over image 150 to 25:18
150a. Cider_Colonial-Press_Retouched
eastfallshouse.com
www.eastfallshouse.com/update-party-goes-hard-core/
150b. Campfire
artofmanliness.com
www.artofmanliness.com/articles/three-essential-campfires…
150c. apple in palm of dark hand
indigoculturalcenter.org
indigoculturalcenter.org/racial-equity-training-and-consu…
***
25:18 – squealing hogs over image 151 to 25:26.
151a. Catching Hogs by David Hunter Strother 1857 – West Virginia and Regional History Center accession number (W1995.030.004)
archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/105044
151b. Smoked Ham at the Bonnie Crest Inn, North Carolina by William Aiken Walker – 1886
wahooart.com
en.wahooart.com/@@/8DP9RF-William%20Aiken%20Walker-Smoked…
152b. (center) “JENNY . . .A GOOD SPINSTER”
inthewordsofwomen.com
inthewordsofwomen.com/?cat=96
152a. winding yarn by David H. Strother, Harper’s (Aug., 1856)
p. 309
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056089801&vie…
152c. Lock’s Old Stephen. by D.H. Strother – 1845. Martinsburg Va. (P.95.30.391pg19)
West Virginia and Regional History Center David Hunter Strother, Artist, Artwork and Papers Series
Nice Recipes photos
Some cool recipes images:
Recipes
Image by doraemon
"Greta Garbo Cocktail" on the right. Apparently worth writing down.
Pine Mushrooms n Samphire recipe
Image by the weed one
Nice Cookbook photos
Check out these cookbook images:
Corn and Root Crops
Image by MissNatalie
from the Omnivore bookstore in Noe Valley.
White House Cookbook.
Image by chronographia
Our Favourite Cookbooks of the Year
Image by abakedcreation
Blogged about here:
www.abakedcreation.com/2012/11/our-favourite-cookbooks-of…
Moroccan Carrots
Check out these recipes images:
Moroccan Carrots
Image by dumbeast
Fancy-cut
Fancy-cut!
121
Image by Nell Lewin
Cooking English Peas (01)
Image by Thomas Cizauskas
Wash. Rinse. Shuck the peas from thr pods. Discard the pods (although I reserve them to make vegetable stock.)
Step 2: Boil for 60 seconds, tops!
Step 3. Eat!
17 June 2012.
***************
Photo by Yours For Good Fermentables.com.
— Follow on Twitter @Cizauskas.
— Follow on Facebook.
Commercial use requires explicit permission, as per Creative Commons.
101. MRD 3
Check out these cook books images:
101. MRD 3
Image by Jim Surkamp
Martin Delany to Africa – To Be More Than Equal 1 –
youtu.be/oHBTnaDgMvY
Martin Delany – To Be More Than Equal 1 Credits 17:19
youtu.be/AJ0Ch2XvlEM
Martin Delany – To Be More than Equal 2, Enthralls West Africa – summer, 1859
youtu.be/AiSi7oDRM0k
Martin Delany To Be More Than Equal 2 Credits 38:59
youtu.be/EqQYMkiKrgk
Martin Delany To Be More Than Equal 3 14:54
youtu.be/UnDvxC0dEcM
Martin Delany To Be More Than Equal 3 Credits 34:19
youtu.be/66yJR6mvWKE
This is a 3-part of a series about Martin Delany, born in 1812 in Charles Town, then Virginia going on to be the first African-American field officer in the U.S. Army, organizer in 1859 of a year long scientific expedition in West Africa, Harvard educated physician, co-editor of The North Start with Frederick Douglass, author of several books including one of the very first important novels by an African-American. It was called "Blake: The Huts of American," the story of a traveling insurrectionist serialized in the Anglo-African magazine in 1858-1860. After Lincoln met him in February, 1865 in the White House, the President immediately sent a memo to his Secretary of War, stating: "Do not fail to have an interview with this most intelligent and extraordinary black man."
With Sonny Luckett as Martin Delany
Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System (apus.edu) to encourage fact-based discussion into the foundational issues from which our nation has evolved.
BEGINS MRD 3
Introduction 0:00-
1 & 2
Channel 4 is a British public broadcast service.
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women
Nov 3, 2019
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0TGKiMiZ68
**
On video:38-1:45:
(1) The enemy is on the tip (2) of my machete
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0TGKiMiZ68
Channel 4 is a British public broadcast service.
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women
Nov 3, 2019
3. TITLE: Don’t even think about it
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women
Nov 3, 2019
**
Delany wrote his rich, do-gooder friends in England to not even THINK about sending money to the Dahomey.
4. still image
#Lupita #Channel4Documentary #Channel4
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women
Nov 3, 2019
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0TGKiMiZ68
**
5-6
**
1:57-2:04 in broadcast (5) we’re going to cut him (6) into small pieces
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0TGKiMiZ68
Channel 4 is a British public broadcast service. Wikipedia
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women
Nov 3, 2019
7. TITLE: "for the sake of humanity," he wrote.
group Amazon Chris Hellier/Getty Images
www.bbc.com/travel/article/20180826-the-legend-of-benins-…
**
"For the sake of humanity" he wrote
***
1:12 – Amazon song over images 7-14 to 2:19
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women – youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0TGKiMiZ68
1:18 – Kodo Spirit of Taiko over images 8-14 to 2:22
Apr 2, 2013 – micky2be gaming youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=5L6h-s5VSmU&list=RDEM7zjT2fDk…
1:18 – machete strikes over images 8-14 to 2:22
Machete (Hit, Slash, Deploy) Mar 9, 2021 Better FX
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=H85PnJ1OAvo&list=PLNxmz91tz4v…
7-13 Amazon group image
Credit Chris Hellier/Getty Images
8. TITLE: Dahomey was notoriously focussed on war, slave hunts, mass human sacrifice and beheadings.
9. TITLE: Farming and trades were scorned in favor of conquests and plunder from twice-a-year slave hunts, their source of money.
10. TITLE: 5,000 elite, fierce women warriors formed the core.
11. TITLE: Martin Delany planned his trip for mid-August, 1859 to Abeokuta – the walled city that protected against slavers
12. TITLE: He postponed. A mass human sacrifice was done in July in which the Dahomeans used the blood of 2,000 victims to fill a ditch with enough blood "to float a canoe"
13. TITLE: Every August this "Grand Custom" used this blood to "water the graves" of past Kings.
14. Dahomey woman warrior with severed head in hand
Forbes, Frederick E. (1851), "Dahomey and the Dahomans." Vol. 1 London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans,
library.si.edu
library.si.edu/digital-library/book/dahomeydahomansb00forb
Amazon facing p. 23
archive.org
archive.org/details/dahomeydahomansb00forb/page/n41/mode/…
15. skulls and ornaments
facing page 81
archive.org
archive.org/details/dahomeydahomansb00forb/page/81/mode/1…
*
Delany responding to the news of the 1859 Grand Custom
Subsidizing the King of Dahomi
There is some talk by Christians and philanthropists in Great Britain of subsidizing the King of Dahomi. I hope for the sake of humanity, our race, and the cause of progressive civilization, this most injurious measure of compensation for wrong, never will be resorted to nor attempted.
To make such an offering just at a time when we are about to establish a policy of self-regeneration in Africa, which may, by example and precept, effectually check forever the nefarious system, and reform the character of these people, would be to offer inducements to that monster to continue, and a license to other petty chiefs to commence the traffic in human beings, to get a reward of subsidy.
Delany, Martin R. (1861). "OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE NIGER VALLEY EXPLORING PARTY." New York, T. Hamilton. p. 58. hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015003702209&vie…
***
2:29 – Sona Jobarteh & Band Kora from West Africa over images 16-28 to 3:52
Hochschule für Musik FRANZ LISZT Weimar
Sonah Jobarteh – Acoustic Guitar/ Kora/ Vocals
Maurice Brown – Acoustic Guitar
Andi McLean – Electric Bass/ BVs
Mouhamadou Sarr – Djembe/ Congas/ Calabash/ BVs
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ig91Z0-rBfo
***
2:51 – soft waves and seagulls over images 18-23 to 3:25
Softest Beach Sounds from the Tropics – Ocean Wave Sounds for Sleeping, Yoga, Meditation, Study – Lounge V Films – Relaxing Music and Nature Sounds
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1T06UhcX0Q
**
16. TITLE: After the Dehomeans cooled off, Delany with his cook and guide, William Johnson, both on horseback started for Abeokuta
16a. Apple Maps
16b. CAVALIER YOROUBA YORUBA HORSE AND RIDER – NIGERIA
christies.com
www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5572505
17. TITLE: But then a civil war all over Yoruba drove them back to Lagos
17a. Apple Maps
17b. Two native American men mounted on horses, in silhouette, gazing off into the distance, c1904. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952).
17c. Martin R. Delany
MOLLUS-Mass Civil War Photograph Collection Volume 74
usahec.org
emu.usahec.org/alma/multimedia/174166/74_3659L.jpg
18. TITLE: "At least," Delany wrote. "the climate was delightful."
18a. Apple Maps
18b. Two native American men mounted on horses, in silhouette, gazing off into the distance, c1904. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952). – Image ID: D98CRF
18c. Martin R. Delany
MOLLUS-Mass Civil War Photograph Collection Volume 74
usahec.org
emu.usahec.org/alma/multimedia/174166/74_3659L.jpg
**
At least, Delany wrote: "The climate was delightful."
19. TITLE: Every person should rise early in Africa, as the air is then coolest, freshest, and purest;
19a. The Africa We Don’t See on Tv · January 26, 2018 – Ivory Coast facebook.com
www.facebook.com/theafricawedontseeontv/photos/pcb.150683…
19b. Two native American men mounted on horses, in silhouette, gazing off into the distance, c1904. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952). – Image ID: D98CRF
19c. Martin R. Delany
MOLLUS-Mass Civil War Photograph Collection Volume 74
usahec.org
emu.usahec.org/alma/multimedia/174166/74_3659L.jpg
19d. CAVALIER YOROUBA YORUBA HORSE AND RIDER – NIGERIA
christies.com
www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5572505
20. TITLE: the sight and song of the numerous birds to be seen and heard,
Same sources as 19
21. TITLE: produce a healthful influence upon the mental and physical system.
Same sources as 19
*
Bathing
Bathing should be strictly observed by every person at least once every day. Each family should be provided with a large sponge, or one for each room if not for each person, and free application of water to the entire person, from head to foot, should be made every morning.
Early Rising—Breezes
Every person should rise early in Africa, as the air is then coolest, freshest, and purest; besides the effect upon the senses, the sight and song of the numerous birds to be seen and heard, produce a healthful influence upon the mental and physical system. The land and sea-breezes blow regularly and constantly from half-past three o’clock p.m. till half-past ten o’clock a.m., when there is a cessation of about five hours till half-past three again.[Pg 322]
Never Sultry
The evenings and mornings are always cool and pleasant, never sultry and oppressive with heat, as frequently in temperate climates during summer and autumn. This wise and beneficent arrangement of Divine Providence makes this country beautifully, in fact, delightfully pleasant; and I have no doubt but in a very few years, so soon as scientific black men, her own sons, who alone must be more interested in her development than any other take the matter in hand, and produce works upon the diseases, remedies, treatment, and sanitary measures of Africa, there will be no more contingency in going to Africa than any other known foreign country. I am certain, even now, that the native fever of Africa is not more trying upon the system, when properly treated, than the native fever of Canada, the Western and Southern States and Territories of the United States of America.
– Delany, Martin R. (1861). "OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE NIGER VALLEY EXPLORING PARTY." New York, T. Hamilton;
catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001610366
sea comments
22. Cape Coast Castle, and Forts William, Victoria, and McCarthy, Gold Coast, mid-19th century. [Drawings of Western Africa, University of Virginia Library, Special Collections, MSS 14357, no 7]
slaveryandremembrance.org
slaveryandremembrance.org/articles/article/?id=A0103
**
22. TITLE Leaving Cape-Coast Castle – noon, September 20th
23. TITLE: I took a spoonful dilution of sulphate of quinine 3x daily
23a. Martin R. Delany
MOLLUS-Mass Civil War Photograph Collection Volume 74
usahec.org
emu.usahec.org/alma/multimedia/174166/74_3659L.jpg
23b. Quinine sulphate bottle 1860-1910 in London
collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co189273/qui…
23c. Medicine spoon 1701-1850 in Europe
collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org
collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co130448/med…
23d. Picture of red blood cells infected with malaria parasites. The parasites look like rings inside the cells. SOURCE: CDC/Steven Glenn, Laboratory & Consultation Division
emedicinehealth.com
www.emedicinehealth.com/malaria/article_em.htm
24. TITLE: The trip resumes
24a. Apple Maps
24b. Two native American men mounted on horses, in silhouette, gazing off into the distance, c1904. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952).
24c. Martin R. Delany
ahec.armywarcollege.edu
ahec.armywarcollege.edu/
***
3:25 – single bee sounds over images 25-28 to 3:51
single bee #1 and #4
BEES BUZZING | Sound Effect [High Quality]
May 30, 2016 Sound Effects
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHGt91cTSy4
25.-27. TITLE: Bees! Ever busy on every blossom!
Bees in slow motion – shot on iPhone at 240fps
Jan 2, 2018 Flow Hive
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUNFNhF8V1o
28. TITLE: air being freighted with fragrance; laden with "tons of beeswax" carried on their heads
28a. SOME FLOWER PLANTS FOUND IN RURAL NIGERIA
skyscrapercity.com
www.skyscrapercity.com/threads/flowers-plants-of-nigeria….
28b. bee pollinating a flower
Pollinators in Africa p. 7
sanbi.org
www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/pollinafricabook…
28c.Tribal Women African Batik Art by Dom Z
culturesinternational.com
culturesinternational.com/products/african-batik-art-trib…
28a. Same as #28 wider frame
*
Delany, Martin R. (1861). "OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE NIGER VALLEY EXPLORING PARTY." New York, T. Hamilton.
"air being freighted with fragrance" from the flowers and aroma of the exuberant, rich, rank growth of vegetable matter. . . encountered many persons laden with "tons of beeswax" carried on their heads . . .bees are seen ever busy on every blossom, gathering their store, leaving laden with the rich delicacies of the blooming flowers
p. 20 – hathitrust.org
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015003702209&vie…
*
connectnigeria.com
connectnigeria.com/articles/2017/07/20-commonly-grown-flo…
Native Plants of Nigeria
Native Plants Of Nigeria
Native Plants of NigeriaScientific Name
Rogon DajiAmpelocissus africana
African White MahoganyTurraeanthus africana
Purple Plume GrassBothriochloa bladhii
Thollon’s StrophanthusStrophanthus thollonii
Nganda CoffeeCoffea canephora
West African Piassava PalmRaphia vinifera
UbeDacryodes edulis
YohimbePausinystalia johimbe
Light BosseGuarea cedrata
African Corkwood TreeMusanga cecropioides
worldatlas.co
www.worldatlas.com/articles/native-plants-of-nigeria.html
skyscrapercity.com
Flowers & Plants of Nigeria
SOME FLOWER PLANTS FOUND IN RURAL NIGERIA
pinterest.co
www.pinterest.com/pin/361554676316253631/
&
Sep 18, 2008
SOME FLOWER PLANTS FOUND IN RURAL NIGERIA
www.skyscrapercity.com/threads/flowers-plants-of-nigeria….
bee pollinating
Pollinators in Africa p. 7
www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/pollinafricabook…
***
3:51 – horses trot misc. over image 29 to 4:00
3:55 – over loping banjo by Shana Aisenberg over images 29-30 to 4:13
29. TITLE: Martin Delany William Johnson (two men on horseback with Kente background)
29a. Kente linen
youramba.com
youramba.com/blogs/news/50891267-history-and-glossary-of-…
29b. Two native American men mounted on horses, in silhouette, gazing off into the distance, c1904. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952)
30. TITLE: He saw hundreds of acres in unbroken tracts of Indian white corn,
30a. CGIAR System Organization
Maize farmers in Nigeria
Bello Abu Bakkar, maize farmer and president of the Nigerian Maize Association, amidst fellow farmers. Photo by C. de Bode/CGIAR
flickr.com
www.flickr.com/photos/cgiarconsortium/49083284276
30b. man mounted on horses, in silhouette, gazing off into the distance, c1904. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952)
***
4:13 – Shana Aisenberg playing fast twelve-string guitar over images 31-35 to 4:45
31. TITLE: Every day some of the boys of all sizes may be seen
31a. boy on horse with bird by David Hunter Strother Harpers New Monthly August, 1856 p. 31
32. TITLE: dashing along a road or over a plain at fearful speed on horseback.
32a. same image as 31a.
33.-35. TITLE: They are great vaulters and ankle-springers,
and boys may frequently be seen to spring from the ground whirling twice—turning two summersets—before lighting on their feet.
The Best flips – yayasylla842 Oct 22, 2019 Bolow Officiel
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLL5EkfEtsg
***
4:45 – Sona Jobarteh Band over images 36-42 to 5:01
4:45 – FX chickens over images over images 36-41 to 5:23
36. TITLE: The houses are built of unburnt clay which hardens in the sun, covered with a beautiful thatch-long, peculiar grass
HOW THEY’RE MADE: TRADITIONAL BUILDING SYSTEMS – SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
thedotmanka.wordpress.com
thedotmanka.wordpress.com/2015/05/11/how-theyre-made-trad…
37. TITLE: Great affection exists between husband and wife,
37a. HOW THEY’RE MADE: TRADITIONAL BUILDING SYSTEMS – SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
thedotmanka.wordpress.com
thedotmanka.wordpress.com/2015/05/11/how-theyre-made-trad…
37b. Jacob Jordaens, Study of a Black Man’s Head (ca. 1620). Medium and size unknown. Formerly New York, Estate of Jacob Goldschmidt; present location unknown
uir.unisa.ac.za
uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19126/Van%20Haute_…
37c. Woman with child
Images et Memoires.com
pinterest.co.uk
www.pinterest.co.uk/search/pins/?q=West%20African%20mothe…[]=West%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=African%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=mother%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=1800s%7Ctyped
**
the women being mostly restricted to household work,
38. TITLE: trading
Local pottery,Illorin Market, Nigeria
johnhindecollection.com
www.johnhindecollection.com/nigeria1.html
39. TITLE: gathering in the fields,
The Gleaners by Jean-François Millet – 1857 Musée d’Orsay
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gleaners
40.TITLE: and aiding in carrying,
About Us – Kitenge Pride – kitengepride.com
kitengepride.com/
41. TITLE: whilst the men principally do the digging, planting, chopping, and other hard work.
Peasant Man and Woman Planting Potatoes by Vincent van Gogh – 1885
Kunsthaus – Zurich, Switzerland.
paintingmania.com
www.paintingmania.com/peasant-man-woman-planting-potatoes…
**
whilst the men principally do the digging, planting, chopping, and other hard work.
**
42. TITLE: The children are also passionately beloved
happy mother and child
Benin Togo M
Mrs. Earl
www.peacecorps.gov/benin/
pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/494410865333293979/
42a. same as 42 but wider frame
***
5:22 – conch call followed by Eshue song over images 43-46 to 5:47
Eshu Ellegua Door opener
Ministry of Miracles Healing School SB
3 years ago
Eleguá likes all kinds of things associated with child’s play, "the trickster." When he dances, he’s playful and wants others to pay attention to him.
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/channel/UCW8OB1Zzlx97tJNfFyZlzPw/featured
43. Eshu conch
Eshu Ellegua Door opener
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/channel/UCW8OB1Zzlx97tJNfFyZlzPw/featured
44. Ceremonial Mask of Eshu
Eshu Ellegua Door opener
youtube.com
45a-45d. Mask with additions
The Best flips – yayasylla842 Oct 22, 2019 Bolow Officiel
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLL5EkfEtsg
46. Conch
Eshu Ellegua Door opener
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/channel/UCW8OB1Zzlx97tJNfFyZlzPw/featured
***
5:28 – Igbo Dance: “Ije nwayo” by Agbani-Nguru Ikorodo Group over images 47-49 to 6:26
Africana Digital Ethnography Project – youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=31Z2XhcA-ns
47. Igbo Dancers
Africana Digital Ethnography Project – youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=31Z2XhcA-ns
48. TITLE: and they love fun
Mask – Eshu Ellegua Door opener
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/channel/UCW8OB1Zzlx97tJNfFyZlzPw/featured
48a. smiling girl/mask And they . . .
48b. smiling girl/mask Love Fun!
49. TITLE: They are very active
49a. Eshu mask – youtube.com
49b. The Best flips – yayasylla842 Oct 22, 2019 Bolow Officiel
youtube.com
49c. Igbo Dance: “Ije nwayo” by Agbani-Nguru Ikorodo Group
Africana Digital Ethnography Project – youtube.com
49d. silhouette of man on horseback – Photograph by Edward Curtis
***
6:26 – Shana Aisenberg easy banjo over images 49-54 to 6:58
6:26 – common raven over images 49-50 to 6:36
6:27 – horse neigh over image 49 to 6:32
6:29 – gallop one horse over images 49-50 to 6:39
50. TITLE: The fine Bornou, known as the Arabian horse, is a native of Africa, and raised in great numbers.
a. kente linen
b. Edward Curtis man on horseback
c. Bodyguard of the Sheikh of Bornu, early 1820s
Africa’s Forgotten Cavalry Kingdoms by CuChullaine O’Reilly FRGS
lrgaf.org
www.lrgaf.org/historical/African%20Knights.htm
51. TITLE: Delany visits Yorubaland and its markets
51a.
Map of the Yoruba cultural area of West Africa, showing some settlements.
4 January 2016 Own work Bappah
Licensing
I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
w:en:Creative Commons
attribution share alike
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorubaland#/media/File:Yorubaland_C…
52. TITLE: All through the Yoruba country the palm tree is cultivated, trimmed and pruned, and never cut down, except when very old.
Palm oil tree and nuts – 1897
SourceList of Koehler Images
AuthorFranz Eugen Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis
**
All through the Yoruba country the palm tree is cultivated, trimmed and pruned, and never cut down, except when very old.
53 & 54. TITLE: Palm nuts turned into a fragrant and deliciously rich oil are used both for light and cooking.
woman pours processed palm oil into a glass bottle in Masethele village, Bombali District, Sierra Leone.
Photo courtesy of Aubrey Wade Namati.org
ensia.com
ensia.com/features/sustainable-palm-oil-production-west-c…
54. hands sorting palm nuts Photo by hodag from Flickr licensed under CC nc-nd 2.0
ensia.com
ensia.com/features/sustainable-palm-oil-production-west-c…
*
‘History of the Yorubas’, by The Revd Samuel Johnson, first published in 1921
***
6:59 – Powerful Oya songs (mother of changes) over images 55- to 8:46
Ministry of Miracles Healing School SB – youtube.com/
8:08 – market sounds over images to 9:07
Powerful Oya songs (mother of changes)
Ministry of Miracles Healing School SB
Oyá is a fierce and powerful female warrior orisha in Santeria. She is the owner of the marketplace, and keeps the gates of the cemetery. She is the force of change in nature and in life. She wields lightning and rides the winds into battle, often fighting with her machetes side-by-side with her favorite lover, Changó. Oyá raises the armies of the dead as her soldiers and is said to use the tornado as her weapon. Oyá’s aché is fierce, tumultuous, changing and protective.
youtube.com/
www.youtube.com/watch?v=0U_lS_hfKqE
www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtrouhSprzA
*
Oya: Owner of the Marketplace
The woman of the marketplace is also known for her abilities in the supplanting of power. Just as the tornado can pick up a house and deposit it miles away Oya can take power away from one and give it to another
enlightenmentandtransformation.com
www.enlightenmentandtransformation.com/2015/06/23/oya-2/
*
Oya in the Company of Saints
Judith Gleason
Journal of the American Academy of Religion
Vol. 68, No. 2 (Jun., 2000), pp. 265-291 (27 pages)
Published By: Oxford University Press
www.jstor.org/stable/1465923
55. TITLE: Oya protects the market and its exchange of life force
Oya: Owner of the Marketplace
looking out for swindlers and con artists . . . Oya is identified with the Catholic saint, St. Teresa
originalbotanica.com
www.originalbotanica.com/blog/orishas-oya-santeria/
56. TITLE: is identified with Catholic St. Teresa of Avila
Teresa of Ávila by Peter Paul Rubens – circa 1615 Kunsthistorisches Museum
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila#/media/File:Pe…
57. Oya/Teresa same sources as above
58. TITLE Market Day, Ilorin, Yorubaland
Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
59. TITLE: Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
60. TITLE: The markets, large and small, are self-organized and well-run by a manager.
a. Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
b. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952)
60a. TITLE: Ilorin has five markets each at one of the city’s gates.
a. Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
b. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952)
**
The markets, large and small, are self-organized and well-run by a manager. Ilorin has five markets each at one of the city’s gates
***
7:42 – sheep FX over images 61-63 to 7:57
7:57 – squab FX over image 64 to 8:04
Pigeon sound effect no copyright | birds sounds
Nagaty Studio – Sound Effects youtube.com
61. TITLE: and has had as many as eight hundred sheep at one time.
resting sheep
Thomas Sidney Cooper, R.A.
APRIL SHOWERS
sothebys.com
www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2012/british-iris…
**
and has had as many as eight hundred sheep at one time.
62. TITLE: When approaching the city of Ibadan,
a. Ibaden circa 1851
drawing by Anna Hinderer
Crowder, Michael. (1977). "West Africa: An Introduction to Its History." Lagos, Nigeria: Longman Group, Ltd.Turner
p. 88
b. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952)
**
When approaching the city of Ibadan,
63. TITLE: I saw at a brook, where they had been let out of their cages or coops to drink and wash themselves,
a. Sheep-Washing, Windsor, Etched by Joseph Mallord William Turner
collections.britishart.yale.edu
collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:30636
b. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952)
**
I saw at a brook, where they had been let out of their cages or coops to drink and wash themselves,
64. TITLE: and saw as many as three thousand pigeons and squabs going to the Ibadan market.
a. squab live :31 sec
modbee.com
www.modbee.com/news/business/agriculture/article131340944…
b. horseman silhouette from photograph by Edward Curtis
**
and saw as many as three thousand pigeons and squabs going to the Ibadan market.
*
English: pigeon chicks of 20+ days. Bangladesh.
SourceOwn work
AuthorMamun2a
Licensing
I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses:
w:en:Creative Commons
attribution share alike
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squab
64a. Same as 63
a. Sheep-Washing, Windsor, Etched by Joseph Mallord William Turner
collections.britishart.yale.edu
collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:30636
b. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952)
***
8:08 – Kalangu talking drum and market sounds over images 65- to ADD
African Drumming – Rhythms of West Africa – Tamafola – africandrumming
youtube.com; FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32 youtube.com
65. TITLE: Delany and Johnson milled among the gleeful noisy thousands at Ilorin’s markets.
65a. Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
65b. FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?
**
Delany and Johnson milled among the gleeful noisy thousands at Ilorin’s markets.
66. TITLE: Kolade Oshinowo MEMORIES OF SAMARU
artnet.com
www.artnet.com/artists/kolade-oshinowo/memories-of-samaru…
67. TITLE: In the afternoon, when the traffic had not fully set in,
Kolade Oshinowo MEMORIES OF SAMARU
artnet.com
www.artnet.com/artists/kolade-oshinowo/memories-of-samaru…
**
In the afternoon, when the traffic had not fully set in,
68. TITLE: they would often go out and preach
Looking up at palm trees
wiltoday.wordpress.com
wiltoday.wordpress.com/2013/07/30/soup-from-nigeria/
69. TITLE: to the people under the trees.
wiltoday.wordpress.com
wiltoday.wordpress.com/2013/07/30/soup-from-nigeria/
**
they would often go out and preach to the people under the trees.
70. TITLE: At the market, women from early morn till nine o’clock at night, sell their various merchandise.
70a. smiling vendor
FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=38W5koL9Z2g&list=RDCMUC-9lzGH…
70b. Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
**
At the market, Women from early morn till nine o’clock at night, sold their merchandise.
71. TITLE: As Martin browsed the market he heard in his heart a lyrical magic in the words being spoken around him. It was a music
71a. smiling vendor
FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=38W5koL9Z2g&list=RDCMUC-9lzGH…
71b. Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
71c. Lewis Arnold (Brigadier General), Albert Barney (Colonel), Martin Delany (Major) 74_3659L.jpg – MOLLUS-Mass Civil War Photograph Collection Volume 74
usahec.org
emu.usahec.org/alma/multimedia/174166/74_3659L.jpg
72. TITLE: but with an ancient heritage he did not yet know
72a. smiling vendor
FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=38W5koL9Z2g&list=RDCMUC-9lzGH…
72b. Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
72c. Lewis Arnold (Brigadier General), Albert Barney (Colonel), Martin Delany (Major) 74_3659L.jpg – MOLLUS-Mass Civil War Photograph Collection Volume 74
usahec.org
emu.usahec.org/alma/multimedia/174166/74_3659L.jpg
**
but with an ancient heritage he did not yet know
73. TITLE: What is the common heritage
74. TITLE: of the Yoruba spoken word
***
PSALM 23 IN YORUBA LANGUAGE over images
Jul 14, 2017
QUEEN ADUNNI ADE
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8T-R8pH6iE
75. TITLE: And
76. TITLE: the "words of the Talking Drum?"
Gangan talking drum
EmmanuelOEmmanuel – Own work
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_drum
**
and the "words of the Talking Drum?"
***
Ayan Bisi Adeleke – Master talking drummer – drum talks
edElud
Bisi playing the talking drum. Plays dundun – part 1. Plays gongon and bembe in part two. Edited on Linux with Cinelerra.
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4oQJZ2TEVI
77. TITLE: My name is Ayan Bisi Adeleke.
78. TITLE: I am from the University from Nigeria.
78. TITLE: We have these talking drums as our genetics.
Ayan Bisi Adeleke – Master talking drummer – drum talks
edElud
Bisi playing the talking drum. Plays dundun – part 1. Plays gongon and bembe in part two. Edited on Linux with Cinelerra.
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4oQJZ2TEVI
***
9:32 – Ayan Bisi Adeleke playing drum over images 80-93 to: 10:38
approx begins :13 – youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4oQJZ2TEVI
80. Ayan Bisi Adeleke playing drum
approx begins :13
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4oQJZ2TEVI
80. Ayan Bisi Adeleke playing drum
approx begins :13
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4oQJZ2TEVI
81.TITLE: Ogotemmêli, Dogon griot – 1947 says;
82.TITLE: "It is the Nommo who made it."
Il Mistero dei Dogon
Tony Graffio
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0c1x1pU7e4
*
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogotemmeli
*
Ogotemmêli died 1962, was blind
GRIAULE E OGOTEMMELI
enrica tedeschi
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=geqks7nv4KE
83. Side view of Ogotemmêli
Il Mistero dei Dogon
Tony Graffio
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0c1x1pU7e4
84. TITLE: Read by this narrator as the account of how the Talking Drum was created given to Marcel Griaule by Ogotemmêli & preserved in a poetic language, a Yoruba tradition.
Kente linen
youramba.com
youramba.com/blogs/news/50891267-history-and-glossary-of-…
85. Ogotemmêli sitting back against a wall
Il Mistero dei Dogon
Tony Graffio
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0c1x1pU7e4
86-92. Il Mistero dei Dogon shared by Tony Graffio
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0c1x1pU7e4&t=493s
Images 86-92:
86. TITLE: “He threaded it with his fingers, as children do today with string games.
87. TITLE: Spreading his hands, he passed the thread ten times in each of his four fingers,
88. TITLE: the thumb not being used. He thus obtained in each hand forty loops
89. TITLE: which made eighty strings, the exact number of teeth of one of his jaws.
90. TITLE: His webbed hands were the skins at the two extremities.
90a. Il Mistero dei Dogon shared by Tony Graffio
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0c1x1pU7e4&t=493s
90b. ddondo-tambour-parlant-talking-drum
kindpng.com
www.kindpng.com/free/drums/12/
91. TITLE: Symbolically, to hit the drum is to hit the hands of the Nommo.”
91a. Il Mistero dei Dogon shared by Tony Graffio
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0c1x1pU7e4&t=493s
91b. dondo-tambour-parlant-talking-drum
kindpng.com
www.kindpng.com/free/drums/12/
92. Ogotemmêli
Il Mistero dei Dogon shared by Tony Graffio
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0c1x1pU7e4&t=493s
* “Thus man received the final, complete, and multiple word that suited the new times.”
― Marcel Griaule, Dieu d’Eau
www.culturesofwestafrica.com/talking-drum/
Conversations with Ogotemmêli by Marcel Griaule, Marcel an introduction to Dogon religious ideas
93. Montage Adeleke/Ogotemmêli
93a. Ayan Bisi Adeleke playing drum
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4oQJZ2TEVI over images to ADD
93b.GRIAULE E OGOTEMMELI
enrica tedeschi
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=geqks7nv4KE
***
10:39 – PSALM 23 IN YORUBA LANGUAGE over images 94-105 to: 11:29
Jul 14, 2017 QUEEN ADUNNI ADE – youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8T-R8pH6iE
94. TITLE: Delany wrote of the women of the marketplace:
94a. FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=38W5koL9Z2g&list=RDCMUC-9lzGH…
94b. Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
95. TITLE: They are very polite
95a. FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=38W5koL9Z2g&list=RDCMUC-9lzGH…
95b. Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
96. TITLE (Spoken Word)
FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=38W5koL9Z2g&list=RDCMUC-9lzGH…
97. TITLE: their language abounding in vowels,
FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=38W5koL9Z2g&list=RDCMUC-9lzGH…
98. TITLE: consequently euphonious and agreeable
FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=38W5koL9Z2g&list=RDCMUC-9lzGH…
99. TITLE: affable,
same as 94
100. TITLE: sociable,
same as 95
101. TITLE: tractable
same as 95
**
their language abounding in vowels, and consequently euphonious and agreeable—they are
affable, sociable, and tractable, seeking information with readiness, and evincing willingness to be taught with high conceptions of the Supreme Being
102. TITLE: Amen
same as 95
103. TITLE: The Yoruba language abounds in vowels and is euphonious as Delany wrote
Kente linen
youramba.com
youramba.com/blogs/news/50891267-history-and-glossary-of-…
**
The Yoruba language abounds in vowels and is euphonious as Delany wrote
104. TITLE: because it is based on a tri-tonal scale and is mostly defined by the tri-tonic scale,
Kente linen
youramba.com
youramba.com/blogs/news/50891267-history-and-glossary-of-…
**
because it is based on a tri-tonal scale and is mostly defined by the tri-tonic scale,
11:29 – Ayan Bisi Adeleke playing drum over image 105 to 11:43
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4oQJZ2TEVI
105. TITLE: as do the talking drums
105a. Ayan Bisi Adeleke playing drum
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4oQJZ2TEVI
105b.GRIAULE E OGOTEMMELI
enrica tedeschi
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=geqks7nv4KE
***
11:43 – tritonic scale over image 106 to 11:52
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tritonic_scale_on_E.mid
106. Tritonic scale/dondo tambour Montage
106a. Tritonic scale on E.
Date 24 June 2012
Source Own work
Author Hyacinth
Other versions File:Tritonic_scale_on_E.mid
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritonic_scale#/media/File:Tritonic…
106b. dondo-tambour-parlant-talking-drum
kindpng.com
www.kindpng.com/free/drums/12/
***
12:01 – Bisi Adeleke playing drum over images 107-108 to 12:09
107. TITLE: The hour glass drum’s pitch can be regulated to mimic the tone and prosody of human speech to great complexity.
107a. Kente linen
youramba.com
youramba.com/blogs/news/50891267-history-and-glossary-of-…
107b. dondo-tambour-parlant-talking-drum
kindpng.com
www.kindpng.com/free/drums/12/
108. TITLE: to mimic the tone and prosody of human speech to great complexity.
108a. and 108b – Same as 107a & 107b
*
www.vaiden.net/african_talking_drum.pdf
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tritonic_scale_on_E.mid
***
12:09 – Dahomey women warriors chant with machete sound over images 109-111 to 12:26
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women – youtube.com
12:23 – drummer today African Drumming – Rhythms of West Africa – Tamafola – over image 111 to 12:31 culturesofwestafrica.com & youtube.com
africandrumming
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hrtbZVO6Ng
www.culturesofwestafrica.com/talking-drum/
109. TITLE: take away the talking drums
109a. Dahomey women
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0TGKiMiZ68
Channel 4 is a British public broadcast service.
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women
Nov 3, 2019
110. TITLE the first thing they do is take away the talking drums
110a. warriors Dahomey
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0TGKiMiZ68
Channel 4 is a British public broadcast service.
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women
Nov 3, 2019
110b.dondo-tambour-parlant-talking-drum
kindpng.com
www.kindpng.com/free/drums/12/
**
it is little wonder that when an invader conquers a people in West Africa, the first thing they do is take away the talking drums
**
111. TITLE: and imprison their masters because detailed messages couldbe sent from one village to the next
111a. warriors Dahomey
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0TGKiMiZ68
Channel 4 is a British public broadcast service.
Lupita Nyong’o Meets Real Warrior Women
Nov 3, 2019
111b. drummer today hair flying
African Drumming – Rhythms of West Africa – Tamafola – africandrumming
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hrtbZVO6Ng
www.culturesofwestafrica.com/talking-drum/
**
and imprison their masters
112. modern day drummer image
African Drumming – Rhythms of West Africa – Tamafola – africandrumming
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hrtbZVO6Ng
www.culturesofwestafrica.com/talking-drum/
***
12:37 – galloping of one horse over images 113-114 to 13:05
12:43 – talking drum of Bisi Adeleke at three different volume and reverb levels over images 112-113 to 13:05
Ayan Bisi Adeleke playing drum – youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4oQJZ2TEVI
113. TITLE: faster than could be carried by a person riding a horse.
A Ride for Liberty by Eastman Johnson circa 1862 Brooklyn Museum
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Ride_for_Liberty_%E2%80%93_The_Fu…
ride to liberty – and echoe-ing of adelele fainter fainter
**
because detailed messages could be sent from one village to the next faster than could be carried by a person riding a horse.
114. Sunset
***
13:06 – Sona Jobarteh & Band Kora from West Africa over images 114-125 to 13:50
youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ig91Z0-rBfo
13:12 – market sounds over image 115 to 14:00
Sounds of Lagos: you can hear the hustle youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9WJ2CzYE68
FOLLOW ME TO OYINGBO MARKET, LAGOS NIGERIA 2 | Flo Chinyere
13:10-13:32 – youtube.com
www.youtube.com/watch?
ADD 13:55 – Oya chorus over image 126 to 14:07
14:06 – crickets over image 127 to ADD when finished
114. TITLE: William Johnson, Delany’s guide, translator
"William Johnson" (semblance)
His First Vote by Thomas Waterman Wood
americangallery19th.wordpress.com
americangallery19th.wordpress.com/category/wood-thomas-wa…
115. TITLE: also waded thru the crowds
Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
116. TITLE: translating Martin’s questions
116a. William Johnson" (semblance)
His First Vote by Thomas Waterman Wood
americangallery19th.wordpress.com
americangallery19th.wordpress.com/category/wood-thomas-wa…
116b. Market Day by Godwin Atta Geoman
greatbigcanvas.com
www.greatbigcanvas.com/view/market-day,2049978/
**
William Johnson, Delany’s guide, translator also waded thru the crowds translating Martin’s questions
117. TITLE: as Martin admired the mangrove
English: Mangrove Apple (Sonneratia caseolaris), upripe
தமிழ்: கிண்ணம் பழம் (காய் நிலை)
Date 28 February 2013, 12:52:21
Source Own work
Author Anton Croos and his blog, Art of Photography
commons.wikimedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mangrove_Apple.JPG
118. TITLE: papayas
Carica papaya
Paw paw in Nigeria
Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (List of Koehler Images) – 1897
wikipedia.org
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carica_papaya_-_K%C3%B6hl…
119. TITLE: (as Martin admired the mangroves, papaya,) pineapples,
119a. Juju FilmsFollow
Roadside Produce Market
Bwari LGA Abuja Nigeria
www.flickr.com/photos/jujufilm/16573204132/in/photostream/
flickr.com
www.flickr.com/photos/jujufilm/16572853392/in/photostream/
119b. Martin Delany
Martin Delany, c. 1847. Called the father of Black Nationalism, this rare image captures Delany, already an abolitionist, writer, publisher, and journalist at this point in his life. Courtesy of Floyd Thomas.
heinzhistorycenter.org
www.heinzhistorycenter.org/blog/collection-spotlight/rare…
**
as Martin admired the mangroves, papaya, pineapples,
120. TITLE: keeping his parasol high to protect him from the brutal august sun
120a. Juju FilmsFollow
Roadside Produce Market
Bwari LGA Abuja Nigeria
www.flickr.com/photos/jujufilm/16573204132/in/photostream/
flickr.com
www.flickr.com/photos/jujufilm/16572853392/in/photostream/
120b. Martin Delany
Martin Delany, c. 1847. Called the father of Black Nationalism, this rare image captures Delany, already an abolitionist, writer, publisher, and journalist at this point in his life. Courtesy of Floyd Thomas.
heinzhistorycenter.org
www.heinzhistorycenter.org/blog/collection-spotlight/rare…
120c. Marius-system umbrella (Source: Palais Galliera)
umbrellaworkshop.com
www.umbrellaworkshop.com/umbrellas/history-of-the-umbrella/
**
keeping his parasol high to protect him from the brutal august sun
121. TITLE: and sipping lemonade made of water, lemon and a teaspoonful of carbonate of soda.
African American woman drinking tea (Labeled “The Cup that Cheers”)
published in the Library of Amateur Photography manual in the "At-Home Portraiture, Flashlight, Commercial and Press Photography” volume in 1911.
CreatorGaines, Marion Stark, 1850-1942.
Property of the Columbus-Lownde Public Library
collections.msdiglib.or
collections.msdiglib.org/digital/collection/columbus/id/15
**
and sipping lemonade made of water, lemon and a teaspoonful of carbonate of soda.
122. TITLE: but he ate lightly.
122a. MRD portrait 1847
122b. umbrella
122c. market
123. TITLE By dusk, it grew cooler, a new moon
setting sun and out-stretched palm
standardcoldpressedoil.com
www.standardcoldpressedoil.com/hub/lamp-oil-a-medium-to-e…
**
By dusk, it grew cooler A new moon
124. Women in the dark market
a typical Nigerian market scene – pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/1125968637489132/
125. TITLE: and the women of the market lit their palm oil lamps
125a.a typical Nigerian market scene – pinterest.com
www.pinterest.com/pin/1125968637489132/
125b. lit oil lamp
allwhitebackground.com
www.allwhitebackground.com/oil-lamp-wallpapers.html/downl…
**
and the women of the market lit their palm oil lamps
126a. lit oil lamp
allwhitebackground.com
126b. exaggerated stars in sky
Christmas stara lighting background
pngtree.com
127. black background
122. TITLE: but he ate lightly.
123. TITLE: By dusk, it grew cooler, a new moon
124. (NO TITLE): Women in the dark market
125. TITLE: and the women of the market lit their palm oil lamps
126. TITLE: with the brilliance of stars.
127. TITLE: later to retire one by one leaving tomb-like darkness
128. (extended narrataive to conclusion)
open palm sun
William and Martin placed their mats right on the ground in a wooded spot – they had only seen one leopard, three tarantulas and two snakes on the whole trip – Martin changed into clean clothes. They covered themslves with calico covers to rise before daybreak toresume thw final leg of their expedition to Abeokuta, where crowds would later gather and rejoice.
Martin rose, ate an orange, bathed from head to foot, walked out and breathed deeply the moist, cool morning air, had some coffee with cream and sweetener and off they went.
129. Kente linen
youramba.com
youramba.com/blogs/news/50891267-history-and-glossary-of-…
Delany and Johnson left again on October 30th for Abeokuta with its 100,000 people, and was met with great joy on November 5th. Princess Tinuba had already said she had more hope of a regeneration of Africa through Dr. Delany than ever before. She had promised to place the entire management of her extensive business – with her immediate household of about sixty persons, and constantly employing about three hundred and sixty persons bringing her palm-oil and ivory – in Dr. Delany’s hands, as much advantage was taken of her by foreigners.
p. 36
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015003702209&vie…
For weeks, one meeting after another were held with cotton traders, missionaries, chiefs, Campbell and Delany, discussing improving a road to Lagos, reorganizing the schools, and fixing the printing press for the only local English newspaper. Building trust. Forging ties.
Delany himself was rejoiced speaking at the missionaries’ request and praying the Almighty for providence in the challenges ahead.
We would call it a memo of understanding today signed by Delany, Campbell, King Alake and the seven chiefs in his council, with strong supporters Samuel and Josiah Crowther, the sons of the future Bishop Crowther, witnessing.
The next day, it was formally ratified, saying Egba territory could be settled by persons of color with skills from America to improve the lands, if they followed rules of the Egba people
Dec 27 memo of understanding signed the next day ratified the next day
p. 35 Report
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015003702209&vie…
No sooner had Delany and Campbell left to tour the territory, than the virulently racist, first missionary to the area – Rev. Henry Townsend – wrote letters calling the agreement invalid, pressing Alake to rescind it, calling the project a "civilized heathenism.” Having African governing Africans, he railed, was not the will of God and sinfully excluded, he ranted, the sweet natures of white English missionaries and their dear old England – the land of Christianity, Commerce and Civilization.
But it was a new stage of his hatred directed at the most important supporter of the project, Rev. Samuel Crowther who would soon advance up the career ladder of missionaries, that ditched Townsend — and made him Bishop Crowther.
Delany and Campbell stayed with the good news message to take to England when they set sail —- for Liverpool to spell out this way to keep the textile mills humming with African cotton, even with a Civil War, and while advancing England’s colony in West Africa as a respected partner in making linens. Lecture halls were packed. Everyone wanted to know – especially Queen Victoria, who loathed slavery.
What happened over time was the Civil War did NOT prevent cottons from the South getting to England. being exchanged in English-controlled Barbados for Enfield rifles. There were holes in the federal blockade. Moreover, what became clear is the old tried-and-true business networks and collaborations – one all within Africa, of cotton growers, dyers, weavers and spinners – the other between England and the South – held the course.
Delany and Campbells brilliant idea could ha
